καίριος

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No

Last modification

Fri, 08/23/2024 - 12:52

Word-form

κῆρ

Transliteration (Word)

kēr

English translation (word)

heart

Transliteration (Etymon)

kairios

English translation (etymon)

appropriate, fatal

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 3

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford, 1842

Quotation

Κηρὸς Κηρ. […] οὐδετέρως τὴν ψυχήν· καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ δίκην κηροῦ ἀπομάττεσθαι τὰ μαθήματα, ἢ παρὰ τὸ κεκρᾶσθαι αὐτὴν ἐκ ψυχροῦ καὶ θερμοῦ, ἢ παρὰ τὸ καιρίαν δέχεσθαι τὴν πληγὴν, ἢ παρὰ τὸ κέαρ κῆρ· τοῦτο δὲ παρὰ τὸ κῶ τὸ καίω

Translation (En)

Kēros, kēr. Neuter, it means "soul". And it comes from the fact that knowledge is wiped out, as from bee-wax. Or from the fact that it consists of a mix of cold and warm. Or from the fact that it receives the fatal (kairian) blow. Or from kear, kēr, the latter from *kô meaning "to burn"

Comment

Derivational etymology, requiring the change of the diphthong /ai/ to /ē/. It may have been designed after the monophthongization of diphthongs in Late Greek. Semantically, the etymology is quite acrobatic and relies on a hypallage: the heart is etymologized as "fatal" because it is the organ that receives the fatal blow

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 511 (Κῆρ: Περισπωμένως σημαίνει τὴν ψυχὴν, γένους οὐδετέρου· γίνεται παρὰ τὸ κέαρ, ὃ δηλοῖ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχήν· γίνεται παρὰ τὸ κεκρᾶσθαι ἐκ ψυχροῦ καὶ θερμοῦ ἐπίσης ἔχοντος. Κέκραται δὲ ἐκ τῶν στοιχείων. Κῆρ δὲ, ἀπὸ τοῦ δίκην κηροῦ ἀπομάττεσθαι τὰ μαθήματα· ἢ παρὰ τὸ καιρίαν δέχεσθαι τὴν πληγήν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ καίω. Καὶ τί μετέχει; Τὸ γὰρ ἔμφυτον θερμὸν φασὶν εἶναι τὴν ψυχήν. Παρὰ τὴν καῦσιν· ἢ παρὰ τὸ κῶ, τὸ καίω, κέαρ· καὶ κατὰ συναίρεσιν, κῆρ· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἔαρ, ὅ ἐστι πνεῦμα. Ἐκ τοῦ κῆρ κηρὸς κηρόθεν καὶ κηρόθι ἐπίρρημα, τὸ ἐκ ψυχῆς)

Modern etymology

Old IE name of the "heart", from PIE *kērd-, cognate with Lat. cor, Goth. hairto, Arm. sirt etc. Replaced in classical Greek by the derivative καρδία (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre