ἐΰς + ὀρούω

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Tue, 08/20/2024 - 10:50

Word-form

ἑορτή

Transliteration (Word)

heortē

English translation (word)

feast, festival

Transliteration (Etymon)

eüs + orouō

English translation (etymon)

brave + to rush at

Author

Choeroboscus

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi in Psalmos p. 144

Ed.

T. Gaisford, Georgii Choerobosci epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, Oxford, 1842

Quotation

{χ}ορτάζω, ἐκ τοῦ ἑορτὴ, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἑὸν, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ἀγαθόν

Translation (En)

hortazō "to feast", from heortē "feast". The latter from eraō "to desire", or from heon, which means "good"

Comment

Choeroboscus' wording is incomplete, as he provides only the first etymon and drops the second one. Compositional etymology, by which ἑορτή is the time when people "rush to (ὀρούω) the good (ἑόν). The etymology is complete in other sources. The first member is ἠΰς, ἐΰς "good", an old adjective no longer used in Greek, of which Choeroboscus' ἑόν is a thematicized form. The latter arose from an erroneous interpretation of Il. 24.292 αἴτει δ’ οἰωνὸν ἑὸν ἄγγελον, for which the vulgate has αἴτει δ’ οἰωνὸν ταχὺν ἄγγελον. The line with ἑόν was copied from Il. 24.296 εἰ δέ τοι οὐ δώσει ἑὸν ἄγγελον εὐρύοπα Ζεύς, in which ἑόν is the possessive adjective "his messenger". However, in Il. 24.292 αἴτει δ’ οἰωνὸν ἑὸν ἄγγελον the word cannot be the possessive adjective, therefore, it was interpreted by some as meaning "good", a variant of ἐΰς. The latter interpretation is reported in Apollonius' Lexicon homericum, and by Greek grammarians (Dicaearchus, Apollonius Dyscolus). Choeroboscus uses this adjective (which is in fact a ghost) in his etymology, to provide the initial /e/

Parallels

ibid., p. 159 (ἑορτή παρὰ τὸ ἑὸν, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ἀγαθὸν, καὶ τὸ ὀρούω, τὸ ὁρμῶ· καὶ Ὅμηρος ‘θεοὶ δοτῆρες ἐάων’); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, p. 494 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 493 ( Ἑορτή· παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἐρωτή καὶ τροπῇ καὶ ὑπερβιβασμῷ ἑορτή· ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ <καὶ> παρὰ τὸ εἰς τὰ ἑά ὀρούειν, ὅ ἐστι τὰ ἀγαθά· ἐξ οὗ καὶ δασύνεται); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, p. 493 (Ἑορτή· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑόν τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ ἀγαθόν καὶ τοῦ ὄρω τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ ἐγείρομαι· ἑορτή γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἰς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἡμᾶς ἐγείρειν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 351 (Ἑορτάζω: Ἐκ τοῦ ἑορτή. Τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἐρῶ, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ἐροτὴ, καὶ ἑορτὴ καθ’ ὑπερβιβασμὸν, ἧς ἐρῶσι πάντες. Ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ παρὰ τὸ εἰς τὰ ἑὰ ὀρούειν, ὅ ἐστιν εἰς τὰ ἀγαθὰ ὁρμᾶν· ὅθεν καὶ δασύνεται· οἱ μέντοι Ἴωνες ψιλοῦσιν)

Modern etymology

Unknown (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has εορτή as a learned word, the usual form is γιορτή (< ἑορτή)

Entry By

Le Feuvre