λα- + βορά

Validation

No

Last modification

Tue, 10/12/2021 - 14:52

Word-form

λάβραξ

Transliteration (Word)

labrax

English translation (word)

basse

Transliteration (Etymon)

la- + bora

English translation (etymon)

much + food

Author

Etymologicum Parvum

Century

9 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Parvum, lambda, 30

Ed.

R. Pintaudi, Etymologicum parvum quod vocatur, Milan, 1973

Quotation

Λάβραξ· παρὰ τὸ βορά, καὶ τὸ ΛΑ ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον λάβραξ παρώνυμος, ὡς λίθος λίθαξ

Translation (En)

Labrax (“basse”) : from bora ("food") with the intensive prefix la- comes the derivative labrax, in the same way that lithax (stony) derives from lithos (stone)

Comment

This etymology apparently assumes an intermediate stage in the form *λαβορά, formed from βορά, with the addition of the (supposed) prefix la-, meaning "great food". The fall of the o is not commented on, but such vocalic shortening was regarded a common accident by ancient grammarians. Secondly, λάβραξ would have been derived from *λαβ(ο)ρά. The parallel with lithos/lithax suggests that adjectives in -αξ derive from nouns, which is why the implied intermediate step is probably not *laboros (abundance of food). But a parallel definition in Etym. Magnum explicitly refers to an intermediate form *λάβορος. From a semiological point of view, the etymology is not very satisfactory, even if we follow it without difficulty: the adjective is built on the meaning of the verb (βοράω: to eat) and not of the noun (βορά: food).

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum Λ 359.42 (λάβορος καὶ συγκοπῇ λάβρος καὶ λάβραξ παρωνύμως) ; Etym. Magnum, Kallierges 354 (Λάβραξ: Ἐκ τοῦ βορὰ γίνεται λάβορος· καὶ συγκοπῇ, λάβρος. καὶ λάβραξ παρώνυμον, ὡς λίθος λίθαξ); Scholia in Oppianum 2.130.1 (Λάβρακα· λίαν βορόν· λάβραξ ὁ λίαν βορὸς, ἢ λαίμαργος, λαβροσύνη δὲ παρὰ τὸ λίαν βιβρώσκειν); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 3.773.23 (ὁ λάβραξ διὰ τὸ λίαν βορόν παρὰ τὸ λα ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον, καὶ τὸ βορά)

Bibliography

R. Strömberg, Studien zur Etymologie und Bildung der griechischen Fischnamen, 1943 : 34. On the ghost suffix la-, see C. Le Feuvre, "Λακαταπυγων (Aristophane, Ach. 664), hom. αἰψηρός, λαιψηρός et le prétendu préfixe intensif λα-", Revue de Philologie, 2007/2, 81, pp. 323-342

Modern etymology

The word comes from λάβρος (greedy) ; see Chantraine DELG 1968, 610

Persistence in Modern Greek

The form "λαβράκι", diminutive of "λάβραξ" (from ancient "λαβράκιον") is used in MG to denote the specific fish, but also metaphorically to designate a successful discovery (e.g., for a journalist: "έπιασε λαβράκι") (Triandafyllidis Dictionary of MG)

Entry By

Arnaud Zucker