ἀρτάω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Πόθεν ἄρθρον; Ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρω, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ἁρμόζω, ἁρμόζεται γὰρ τοῖς πτωτικοῖς ὀνόμασι, μετοχαῖς τε καὶ ἀντωνυμίαις καὶ οὐδέποτε χωρὶς αὐτῶν εὑρίσκεται. —Ἄλλως. Πόθεν ἄρθρον; Ἀπὸ τοῦ διαρθροῦν ἀναφορικῶς τὴν προϋποκειμένην γνῶσιν, προτασσόμενον καὶ ὑποτασσόμενον· καὶ ἔστι προτακτικὸν μὲν ὁ, ὑποτακτικὸν δὲ ὅς. —Πόθεν ἐτυμολογεῖται ἄρθρον; Ἀπὸ τοῦ συναρτᾶσθαι τοῖς ὀνόμασι καὶ ταῖς πτώσεσι καὶ μηδέποτε δίχα αὐτῶν εὑρίσκεσθαι.
Translation (En)
Where does arthron "article" come from? From *arō, which means "to fit", because it fits the inflected nouns, participles and pronouns and is never found without them. – Other. Where does arthron come from? From the fact it joins (diarthroun) by anaphora the previous knowledge, being preposed or postposed. And the prepositive article is ho, the postpositive article, hos. – Other. What is the etymology of arthron? <It comes> from the fact it is attached (sunartāsthai) to the nouns and the cases and can never be found without them
Parallels
ibid., p. 421 (Δέον εἰδέναι ὅτι τὰ προτακτικὰ ἄρθρα ὀνόμασιν ἁρμόζεται καὶ συναρτᾶται); ibid., p. 38 (καὶ ἄρθρον διὰ τὸ συναρτᾶσθαι πτωτικοῖς, τουτέστι συνδεσμεῖσθαι); ibid., p. 73 (Καὶ λεκτέον ἄρθρον αὐτὸ λέγεσθαι ἤτοι ἐκ τοῦ συναρτᾶσθαι πτωτικοῖς καὶ μηδέποτε δίχα αὐτῶν εὑρίσκεσθαι); Apollonius Dyscolus, De constructione, p. 87 Uhlig (Καθὼς οὖν πρόκειται, ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις συντάξεσιν οὐδ’ ὅλως ἐπὶ τὴν δεῖξιν φέρεται τῶν ἀντωνυμιῶν τὰ συναρτώμενα ἄρθρα); Ammonius, In Aristotelis librum de interpretatione commentarius, p. 15 (τὸ δὲ ἄρθρον ὡς συναρτώμενον τοῖς ὀνόμασι καὶ τὴν ἀναφορὰν πρὸς ἐκεῖνα ἔχον); Sophronius, Excerpta e Johannis Characis commentariis in Theodosii Alexandrini canones, p. 376 (Ἑτέρα δέ, ὅτι τὰ ἄλλα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐκληρώσαντο τὴν προσηγορίαν· μετοχὴ γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ μετέχειν ἀμφοῖν εἴρηται, ἄρθρον ἐκ τοῦ συναρτᾶσθαι ὀνόματι); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 193 (<Ἄρθρον>· παρὰ τὸ ἀρτῶ, ὃ σημαίνει ⟦τὸ κατασκευάζ⟧ω καὶ ⟦τελειῶ, ἄρτρον καὶ ἄρθρον⟧); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 141 (Ἄρθρον καὶ τὸ προταττόμενον τῶν πτώσεων· ἐκ τοῦ συναρτᾶσθαι τοῖς πτωτικοῖς, καὶ μηδέποτε δίχα αὐτῶν εὑρίσκεσθαι)
Bibliography
For the name of the article in Greek grammarians, see J. Lallot, La grammaire de Denys le Thrace. Traduction annotée. Paris, Editions du CNRS, 1989. Pp. 189-190.
Comment
Derivational etymology, designed specifically for the grammatical meaning of ἄρθρον "article" (referring in Greek to the definite article, which the Greeks called "prepositive article", and also to the relative pronoun, which they called "postpositive article"). The article at the same time is attached to the noun and joins the noun to the other components of the sentence. The etymology by ἀρτάω is the only one found in Apollonius Dyscolus