αἴρω
Word
Validation
Yes
Word-form
ἄρθρον
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
arthron
English translation (word)
joint
Transliteration (Etymon)
airō
English translation (etymon)
to lift
Century
5 AD
Source
Etym. Genuinum
Ref.
Etym. Genuinum, alpha 1171
Ed.
F. Lasserre and N. Livadaras, Etymologicum magnum genuinum. Symeonis etymologicum una cum magna grammatica. Etymologicum magnum auctum, vol. 2, Athens: Parnassos Literary Society, 1992
Quotation
Ἄρθρον (Soran. fr. 14 Scheele)· παρὰ τὸ αἴρω ἄρτρον καὶ ἄρθρον· ὑπὸ γὰρ τούτων βασταζόμεθα, ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ, τὸ ἁρμόζω· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ ἀρηρέναι ἀλλήλοις
Translation (En)
Arthron "joint": from airō "to lift", *artron and arthron. For we are lifted by them. Or from *arō "to adapt", because they are fitted (arērenai) to each other
Parallels
Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 141 (idem); Etym. Symeonis,, vol. 1, p. 196 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 304 (ἄρθρα καὶ τὰ μέλη τοῦ σώματος. παρὰ τὸ αἴρω ἄρτρον καὶ ἄρθρον καὶ ἄρθρα· ὑπὸ τούτων γὰρ βασταζόμεθα. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἀρῶ τὸ ἁρμόζω, παρὰ τὸ ἀρηρέναι ἀλλήλοις)
Modern etymology
Derivative of the root *h2er- "to adapt, to fit". Belongs with ἁρμόζω, ἀραρίσκω, ἄριστος etc. (Beekes, EDG)
Persistence in Modern Greek
MG still has άρθρο, meaning "article" (gramm.), "article" (published in a journal or a newspaper), and αρθρο- in learned compounds
Entry By
Le Feuvre
Comment
Derivational etymology. Lasserre and Livadaras follow Scheele, who attributes it to Soranus. However, there is nothing that explicitly points to Soranus and Scheele's edition of Soranus includes many etymologies that do not go back to him. It is likely that it comes from Orion, but we cannot go further back. The etymology refers to the metaphoric meaning "limb" (this is explicit in Ps.-Zonaras): the limbs support the body, therefore "lift" it. Therefore, it was designed in the perspective of etymologizing the names of the different body parts. This is the only element that could indeed point to Soranus. It cannot apply to the technical meaning "joint", nor to the grammatical meaning "article"