ἀ- + ἔδω
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Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Ἄνηστις· ὁ ἄσιτος· Κρατῖνος ἐν Διονυσαλεξάνδρῳ (fr. 47)· ‘φοιτᾷς ἐπὶ δεῖπνον ἄνηστις’· καὶ Αἰσχύλος ἐν Φινεῖ (fr. 258 a)· ‘ἄνηστις δ’ οὐκ ἀποστατεῖ γόος’· παρὰ τὸ ἔδω ἐστός, παρώνυμον ἔστις, ὡς πιστός πίστις, καὶ κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἄνεστις καὶ ἄνηστις, ἢ παρὰ τὸ νῆστις ἄνηστις, ὁ ἐστερημένος σιτίων. οὕτως Ἡρωδιανὸς Περὶ παθῶν (fr. novum)
Translation (En)
Anēstis: the fasting one. Cratinus in the Dionysalexandros (fr. 47), ‘phoitais epi deipnon anēstis’ ("you come to dinner starving"), and Aeschylus in the Phineus ‘anēstis d' ouk apostateî goos’ ("the fasting lament is not leaving"). From edō "to eat", estos "eaten", derivative *estis "eating", as from pistos "reliable" pistis "faith", and by composition *anestis and anēstis. Or from nēstis "fasting" anēstis, the one deprived of food. This is what Herodian says in the Peri pathôn
Parallels
Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, alpha, p. 145 (Ἄνηστις· ὁ ἄσιτος. παρὰ τὸ ἔδω ἐστός, παρώνυμον ἔστις, ὡς πιστός πίστις, καὶ κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἄνεστις καὶ ἄνηστις· <ἢ παρὰ τὸ νῆστις ἄνηστις>, τῆς στερήσεως μηδὲν πλέον σημαινούσης, ὡς ἐν τῷ ἄσταφις. καὶ εἰς τὸ Νῆστις); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 108 (Ἄνηστις: Παρὰ τὸ ἔδω ἐστὸς ἔστις, ὡς πιστὸς πίστις, καὶ κατὰ σύνθεσιν ἄνεστις, καὶ ἄνηστις, ὁ ἄσιτος. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ νῆστις, ἄνηστις, ὁ ἐστερημένος σιτίων, [ὁ] ἄγαν νῆστις)
Comment
Compositional etymology starting from a verbal noun *ἔστις and assuming a regular privative compound *ἄνεστις. The existing form ἄνηστις is then obtained by assuming a lengthening of the /e/. This explanation is correct in its principle, except that for modern linguists, the regular privative of ἔδω is νῆστις — which was not clear to Greek grammarians