θύω2

Validation

No

Last modification

Sun, 03/10/2024 - 10:25

Word-form

θύννος

Transliteration (Word)

thunnos

English translation (word)

tunny-fish

Transliteration (Etymon)

thuō

English translation (etymon)

to rage, to rush forward

Author

Aristotle

Century

4 BC

Reference

Fr. VII.32.339

Edition

V. Rose, Aristotelis qui ferebantur librorum fragmenta, Leipzig: Teubner, 1886 (repr. 1967)

Source

Athenaeus

Ref.

Deipnosophistae VII.125

Ed.

G. Kaibel, Athenaei Naucratitae deipnosophistarum libri xv, 3 vols., Leipzig: Teubner, 1-2:1887; 3:1890 (repr. 1-2:1965; 3:1966)

Quotation

([…] φησὶν Ἀριστοτέλης) […] θύω, θύννος ὁ ὁρμητικός

Translation (En)

([…] Aristotle says) […] thuō "to rush forward", thunnos "tunny-fish", the fast one

Comment

Derivational descriptive etymology: the fish es etymologized by reference to its speed. A variant of this etymology takes as its starting point the derived present stem θύνω, which provides the /n/, rather than the base verb θύω (Epimerismi homerici, Etym. Magnum)

Parallels

Oppian, Hal. 1.181 (θύννοι μὲν θύνοντες, ἐν ἰχθύσιν ἔξοχοι ὁρμήν); Athenaeus, Deipn. VII.64 (ὠνομάσθη δὲ θύννος ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν τε καὶ ὁρμᾶν. ὁρμητικὸς γὰρ ὁ ἰχθὺς); Athenaeus, Deipn. (epitome) 2.1.134 (idem); ibid., 2.1.150 (θύω, θύννος ὁ ὁρμητικός); Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, theta 13 (ἔστι γὰρ ἔθυνον, ὁ ἐνεστὼς θύνω, τὸ ὁρμῶ, καὶ ὄνομα ῥηματικὸν θῦνος καὶ πλεονασμῷ ἑτέρου ν θύννος, ὅπερ ἐν τῇ κοινῇ συνηθείᾳ καλεῖται θῦνα); Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 266 (Θύννος, παρὰ τὸ θύω, τὸ ὁρμῶ, θύννος); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 3, p. 669 (Ὁ δὲ ῥηθεὶς Ἀθήναιος θυννολογῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν τε, τὸ ὁρμᾶν, ἐτυμολογεῖ τὸν Αἰολικῶς τὸ νυ διπλάζοντα θύννον); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 2, p. 23 (δῆλον δ’ ὅτι παρὰ τὸ θύνω τὸ ὁρμῶ, διπλωθέντος τοῦ ἀμεταβόλου, γίνεται ὁ θύννος) ; Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 459 (Ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ν γίνεται θύνω, τὸ ὁρμῶ· καὶ ὄνομα ῥηματικὸν, θῦνος· καὶ πλεονασμῷ ἑτέρου ν, θῦννος· ὅπερ ἐν τῇ κοινῇ συνηθείᾳ καλεῖται θύννα); Schol. Oppianum, Hal. 1.181 (θύννος ἀπὸ τοῦ θύω τὸ ὁρμῶ. θύνοντες· ὁρμῶντες, σφοδρῶς ὁρμῶντες, οἱ μανιωδῶς ὁρμῶντες· θύνω τὸ ὁρμῶ); Schol. Eur., Hec. 261 (καὶ θύω τὸ ἀτάκτως ὁρμῶ, ὅθεν καὶ θῦνος ὁ ἰχθὺς).

Athenaeus, Deipn. VII.50, has a pun on the etymology, and uses θύννος as the object of θύω 1 "to sacrifice" (Ἀντίγονος ὁ Καρύστιος ἐν τῷ περὶ λέξεως (p. 174 Wil) τοὺς Ἁλαιέας λέγει θυσίαν ἐπιτελοῦντας τῷ Ποσειδῶνι ὑπὸ τὴν τῶν θύννων ὥραν, ὅταν εὐαγρήσωσι, θύειν τῷ θεῷ τὸν πρῶτον ἁλόντα θύννον, καὶ τὴν θυσίαν ταύτην καλεῖσθαι θυνναῖον). Since he reports the etymology of θύννος by θύω "to rage", this can be deemed a re-motivation: the fish is indeed the adequate victim because its name can be derived from the verb θῦω1 "to sacrifice" as well as from θύω2 "to rage"

Modern etymology

Loanword (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre