ἁπαλός
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Ἀταλός· ὀξυτόνως· εἴρηται ἀπὸ τοῦ τλῆναι ταλός, ὡς καὶ τὸ τάλας, καὶ κατὰ σύνθεσιν τῆς α στερήσεως ἀταλός, ὁ μηδέπω δυνάμενος ⟦κα⟧κοπαθεῖν. ὁ δὲ Χρύσιππος <fr. om. Arnim> „ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁπαλοῦ γέγονε κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ π εἰς τ“.
Translation (En)
Atalos "tender", oxytone. It comes from tlênai "to bear, to suffer", *talos, as talas "unfortunate", and in composition with the privative a-, he who cannot yet suffer bad things. But Chrysippus says "it comes from hapalos "tender", by change of /p/ into /t/"
Parallels
Etym. Genuinum, alpha 1336 (Ἀταλός Σ 567· ὁ νήπιος· εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ τλῆναι ταλός καὶ ἀταλός, ὁ μηδέπω δυνάμενος κακοπαθῆσαι. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἁπαλός, κατὰ τροπὴν ἀταλός); Etym. Symenonis, vol. 1, p. 276 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 224 (Ἀταλός· παρὰ τὸ ἁπαλός κατὰ μετάθεσιν στοιχείου); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 224 (Ἀταλός· ὁ ἁπαλός· κατὰ μετάθεσιν τοῦ π εἰς τὸ τ. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἁπαλός δασύνεται, τὸ δὲ ἀταλός ψιλοῦται. οὕτως καὶ τὸ ἄττα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 161 ( Ἀταλός: Παρὰ τὸ ἁπαλὸς, κατὰ τροπὴν, ἀταλὸς, ὁ νήπιος. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ τλῆναι, ταλὸς, καὶ ἀταλὸς, ὁ μηδέπω δυνάμενος κακοπαθεῖν).
Implicit etymology? D Schol. Il. 20.222 (Ἀταλῇσιν. Ἁπαλαῖς, νέαις); Hesychius, Lexicon, alpha 800 (ἀταλοῖς· νηπίοις n ἁπαλοῖς v); Συναγωγὴ λέξεων χρησίμων, alpha 1033 (ἀταλῇσιν· ἁπαλαῖς, νεογναῖς); Photos, Lexicon, alpha 305 (idem); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, alpha, p. 334 (idem); Schol. Oppianum, Cyn. 1.312 (Ἀταλός· ἁπαλός); Schol. Oppinaum, Hal. 4.632 (Ἀταλή· ἁπαλή)
Comment
As De Stefani notices, this derivational etymology goes back at least to Chrysippus—it may be older—, in a fragment not listed by Arnim. The adjective is derived from a synonymous adjective and implies a formal change, that of the stop in the second syllable. Notice, however, that the difference between aspirate ἁπαλός and non aspirate ἀταλός is not mentioned. Either Chrysippus explained it as a pathos (formal change without semantic consequence), and the Byzantine Etymologica dropped this part, since they reason on a pilotis state of the language, or Chrysippus did not mention it—the problem is mentioned in the Gudianum, but not under Chrysippus' name. Ἀταλός is very often glossed by ἁπαλός in our sources, without any eplicit etymological link: this may be an implicit etymology, or simply point to the semantic equivalent.