δέος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
Δήϊος: Ὁ πολεμικός· καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου, ‘Δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον’. Καὶ πάλιν σημαίνει τὸν ἐχθρὸν καὶ πολέμιον, ‘καὶ δηίοισι’. Παρὰ τὸ δέος, δέϊος, καὶ δήϊος, ὁ δέος ἐμποιῶν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ καίω, δάϊος, καὶ δήϊος, ὁ καυστικός. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, δήϊος, ὁ διακοπτικὸς ἀνθρώπων καὶ οἴκων καὶ πόλεων καὶ δένδρων.
Translation (En)
Dēïos "inimical": the warlike one. And it is an epithet of polemic "war", "Dēïon es polemon". And it means warlike and enemy, ‘kai dēïoisi’ "and for the enemies". From deos "fear", *deïos and dēïos, he who raises fear. Or from daiō "to burn", daïos and dēïos, the burning one. Or from daiō "to divide", dēïos, the one who destroys men, houses, cities and trees
Parallels
Herodian, Peri pathôn, III/2, p. 353 (δήϊος: παρὰ τὸ δέος δέϊος καὶ δήϊος ὁ δέος ἐμποιῶν); Etym. Symeonis, delta 159 (Δήϊος· ὁ πολεμικὸς καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου· δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον. Παρὰ τὸ δέος δέϊος καὶ δήϊος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ καίω, δάϊος καὶ δήϊος ὁ καυστικός· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, ὅθεν δαιτρός καὶ δήϊος, ὁ διακοπτικὸς ἀνθρώπων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, delta, p. 492 (Δήϊος. πολέμιος. καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου. παρὰ τὸ δέος, δέϊος καὶ δήϊος, ὁ δέος ἐμποιῶν)
Comment
Derivational etymology. Lentz attributes it to Herodian but this is far from certain. The etymology relies on the familiar alternation between ε and η. From the semantic point of view, it is rather unusual: the lemma (enemy) is the cause of the etymon (fear)