δαίω1

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Last modification

Wed, 08/16/2023 - 12:40

Word-form

δήϊος

Transliteration (Word)

dēios

English translation (word)

inimical, terrible

Transliteration (Etymon)

daiō

English translation (etymon)

to kindle

Author

Epimerismi homerici

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, delta 28

Ed.

A. Dyck, Epimerismi Homerici: Pars altera. Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν. Berlin – New York, 1995

Quotation

δήϊος: ἐκ τοῦ δαίω, τὸ καίω, γίνεται δαΐω καὶ δηΐω καὶ περισπώμενον δηϊῶ τρίτης συζυγίας ‘Ἀχαιῶν δῃωθέντων’ (Δ 417)· […] ἐκ τοῦ δαΐω γίνεται ὄνομα δάϊος καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ α εἰς η γίνεται δήϊος.

Translation (En)

Dēïos "inimical": from daiō "to burn" comes *daïō, and dēïō, and perispomenon, dēiô. belonging to the third conjugation, ‘Akhaiôn dēiōthentōn’ (Il. 4.417) […] from daïō comes the noun daïos and by change of /a/ into /ē/ comes dēïos

Comment

Derivational etymology relying on the frequent use of δήϊος as an epithet of "fire" in Homer. Therefore the meaning was derived from this specific context and then generalized to other contexts. The etymology follows.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, delta, p. 350 (idem); Scholia in Oppianum, Hal. 2.325 (idem); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 1, p. 760 (Μάχη δὲ καυστειρὴ μυριαχοῦ τῆς ποιήσεως ἡ θερμὴ καὶ πυρόεσσα κατὰ τὸ «μάχοντο δέμας πυρός». διὸ καὶ δηϊοτής καὶ δηΐς ἡ αὐτὴ, καὶ δήϊος πόλεμος, ἀπὸ τοῦ δαίω τοῦ δηλοῦντος τὸ καίω); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 263 (Δήϊος: Ὁ πολεμικός· καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου, ‘Δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον’. Καὶ πάλιν σημαίνει τὸν ἐχθρὸν καὶ πολέμιον, ‘καὶ δηίοισι’. Παρὰ τὸ δέος, δέϊος, καὶ δήϊος, ὁ δέος ἐμποιῶν. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ καίω, δάϊος, καὶ δήϊος, ὁ καυστικός. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, δήϊος, ὁ διακοπτικὸς ἀνθρώπων καὶ οἴκων καὶ πόλεων καὶ δένδρων); Etym. Symeonis, delta 159 (Δήϊος· ὁ πολεμικὸς καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου· δήϊον ἐς πόλεμον. Παρὰ τὸ δέος δέϊος καὶ δήϊος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ καίω, δάϊος καὶ δήϊος ὁ καυστικός· ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω, τὸ κόπτω, ὅθεν δαιτρός καὶ δήϊος, ὁ διακοπτικὸς ἀνθρώπων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, delta, p. 492 (Δήϊος. πολέμιος. καὶ ἐπίθετον τοῦ πολέμου. παρὰ τὸ δέος, δέϊος καὶ δήϊος, ὁ δέος ἐμποιῶν. [ἢ παρὰ τὸ δαίω τὸ καίω, ὅθεν καὶ δαιτρὸς, ὁ διακόπτων τὰ κρέατα καὶ διαμερίζων, καὶ δήϊος ὁ διακοπτικὸς ἀνθρώπων καὶ οἴκων καὶ πόλεων καὶ δένδρων.])

Modern etymology

Unclear. Myc. da-i-qo-ta shows that the etymon is *dāhi-, which may be related to δαίομαι "to divide". Beekes, EDG assumes it is Pre-Greek

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Le Feuvre