βιβρώσκω

Validation

Yes

Word-form

βλάπτω

Transliteration (Word)

blaptō

English translation (word)

to damage

Transliteration (Etymon)

bibrōskō

English translation (etymon)

to devour

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

Fr. 63

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2]. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, beta p. 35

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, 1820

Quotation

βλάπτω· βρῶ ἐστι θέμα ὁμοίως δηλοῦν 
τὸ ἐσθίω, καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ ρ εἰς λ βλάπτω

Translation (En)

Blaptō "to damage": there is a stem brô, meaning the same as esthiō "to eat", and through change of [r] to [l], ‹one obtains› blaptō

Comment

This etymology implies a formal manipulation, the interchange between the two liquids [r] and [l], a frequent device in Greek etymology, based on identified cases of liquid dissimilation. From the semantic point of view, it relies implicitly on passages like Od. 4.318 (ἐσθίεταί μοι οἶκος) where "to eat" is used in the meaning "to destroy, to ruin". It is interesting that the formulation has θέμα "stem", and starts from an abstract morphological element (the root common to βιβρώσκω, βρῶσις etc.) and not from an attested word form. Assuming invented monosyllabic verb-forms as the embodiment of those "stems" was typical of Philoxenus, author of a treatise On monosyllabic verbs (Peri monosyllabōn rhēmatōn).

Parallels

Etym. Genuinum, beta 130 (βλάπτω· ἔστι βρῶ, τὸ δηλοῦν τὸ ἐσθίω· τοῦτο γίνεται βλῶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ ρ εἰς τὸ λ καὶ κατὰ παραγωγὴν βλάπτω· ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τῶν ἐσθιομένων καὶ μηκέτι ὑγιῶν ὄντων); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, beta p. 394 (idem); Etym. Gudianum, beta p. 271 (βλάπτω· παρὰ τὸ βρῶ, τὸ ἐσθίω, καὶ μεταθέσει τοῦ ἀμεταβόλου εἰς ἀμετάβολον βλῶ, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ βλάπτω κατὰ παραγωγήν); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 199 (Βλάπτω· Ἔστι βρῶ, τὸ ἐσθίω· γίνεται κατὰ τροπὴν βλῶ· καὶ κατὰ παραγωγὴν, βλάπτω· ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τῶν ἐσθιομένων καὶ μηκέτι ὑγιῶν ὄντων).

Modern etymology

Βλάπτω, Cretan ἀβλοπές· ἀβλαβές (Hsch.) must be cognate with Sanscrite marká- "damage", mṛc- "id.", Avestan mǝrǝṇcaite "he destroys". Indo-European root *ml(e)kw- (Beekes, EDG).

Persistence in Modern Greek

Βλάπτω is still used in Modern Greek with the meanings 'to harm / to have negative affects'. (Τriandafyllidis, Dictionary of Modern Greek).

Entry By

Le Feuvre