ἄγνυμι

Validation

No

Last modification

Tue, 08/01/2023 - 11:20

Word-form

αἰγιαλός

Transliteration (Word)

aigialos

English translation (word)

seashore

Transliteration (Etymon)

agnumi

English translation (etymon)

to break

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etymologicum (, alpha, p. 6

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Αἰγιαλός, παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἅλα ἐκεῖ κλᾶσθαι· ἄξαι γὰρ τὸ κλᾶσαι

Translation (En)

Aigialos "seashore": from the fact the sea (hala) breaks on it. For axai means "to break"

Comment

This etymology, which the Gudianum erroneously attributes to Apollodorus of Athens, results from a misunderstanding of sources where ἄγνυμι "to break" is given as the etymon of ἀκτή "rocky coastline", as in the Geneva scholion to Il. 11.631: ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτὴν] ἤτοι ἄλφιτα περιφραστικῶς, ἢ ἄρτον—ὁτὲ δὲ <τὸν> αἰγιαλὸν, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄγνυσθαι αὐτῷ τὰ <κύματα> "alphitou hierou aktè "the flour of the sacred grain", that is, grain, with a periphrasis, or bread—but when it refers to the seashore (aigialos), <it comes> from the fact that the waves break (agnusthai) on it." Here the problem is to distinguish between ἀκτή2 "flour" and ἀκτή1 "rocky coast", and the ἄγνυσθαι τὰ <κύματα> is provided as the etymon of ἀκτή1, not of αἰγιαλός which is mentioned only as a gloss of ἀκτή1 to make the meaning of the word clear. This etymology of ἀκτή1 was standard and is repeated in many sources (see ἀκτή1 / ἄγνυμι). The problem is that some compilers took the ἄγνυσθαι, etymon of ἀκτή, as the etymon of the gloss αἰγιαλός. It is likely that Apollodorus had ἄγνυμι as the etymon of ἀκτή, not of αἰγιαλός, but the compilers did not understand properly (accordingly, De Stefani's remark that the fragment is not in the edition of Apollodorus' fragments is pointless since this is probably not Apollodorus' etymology)

Parallels

Orion, Etymologicum (Excerpta e cod. Darmstadino 2773), alpha, p. 611 (αἰγιαλὸς παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἅλα ἐκεῖ ἄγνυσθαι· ἄξαι γὰρ τὸ κλᾶσαι); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 36 (Αἰγιαλός· ἐτυμολογεῖται παρὰ <τὸ> τὴν αἶαν γείτονα εἶναι τῆς ἁλός· ἐξ αὐτοῦ γράφεται διὰ τῆς αι διφθόγγου. ἐκ τοῦ αἶα, ὃ σημαίνει τὴν γῆν· τοῦτο ἐκ τοῦ γαῖα ἀποβολῇ τοῦ γ. ἢ ὁ ἐγγὺς τῆς ἁλός, ἤγουν τῆς θαλάσσης. ἢ παρὰ τὸ τὴν ἅλα ἐκεῖ κλᾶσθαι. ἢ παρὰ τὸ κατάγνυσθαι ἐν αὐτῇ τὰ κύματα, ἤτοι κλᾶσθαι, ὡς Ἀπολλόδωρός <fr. deest ap. Heyne> φησιν· ἄξαι γὰρ τὸ κλάσαι λέγεται. αἰγιαλός ἐστι μέχρις οὗ τὸ μέγιστον τῆς θαλάσσης ἐκτρέχει [ῥῆμα ἤγουν] κῦμα)

Modern etymology

Unknown. The word may be attested in Mycenaean in the derived adjective a3-ki-a2-ri-jo /aigihalios/ (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has αιγιαλός "seashore" as a scientific term. The usual word is γιαλός < αίγιαλός

Entry By

Le Feuvre