λα- + τρέω

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Sun, 07/30/2023 - 15:10

Word-form

λάτρις

Transliteration (Word)

latris

English translation (word)

servant, hired worker

Transliteration (Etymon)

la- + treō

English translation (etymon)

very + to be frightened

Author

Etym. Genuinum

Century

9 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etym. Genuinum, lambda 41

Ed.

K. Alpers, Bericht über Stand und Methode der Ausgabe des Etymologicum genuinum [Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Hist.-filol. Meddelelser 44.3. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1969]

Quotation

Λάτρις: ὁ μισθῷ δουλεύων. λάτρον γὰρ ὁ μισθός. ἢ παρὰ τὸ ΛΑ ἐπιτατικὸν καὶ τὸ τρεῖν, ὅ ἐστιν τὸ φοβεῖσθαι.

Translation (En)

Latris "servant", the one who works for a salary. For latron means "wages". Or from the intensive prefix la- "very" and treîn, which means "to fear"

Comment

Compositional etymology. It must be compared to the one provided for λάτρον "wages" (see λάτρον / λα- + τηρέω). Next to the derivational etymology deriving λάτρις from λάτρον, the two compositional etymologies share the identification of λα- as the intensive prefix but differ  on the second member. While λάτρον "wages" is assumed to be a compound of τηρέω "to watch over", λάτρις "hired man, servant" is supposed to be a compound of τρέω "to be frightened", meaning "he who fears much". It is likely that the first etymology is that of λάτρις, which echoes that of other names of the slave as "fearing" (see δοῦλος / δέω + ὅλος). But obviously it could not fit for λάτρον, an inanimate noun. Therefore the etymology λα- + τηρέω was designed: it is less close formally, because it implies a syncope, whereas the etymology λα- + τρέω for λάτρις does not.

Parallels

Eustathius, Exegesis in canonem iambicum pentecostalem 1.120 (Τὸ δὲ λατρεύειν πάλαι μέν ποτε ἀντὶ τοῦ δουλεύειν εἴληπτο· διὸ καὶ λάτρις ὁ δοῦλος ἐλέγετο, παρὰ τὸ λα ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον καὶ τὸ τρεῖν ὅ ἐστι τὸ φοβεῖσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 557 (Λάτρις: Ὁ ἐπὶ μισθῷ δουλεύων· λάτρον γὰρ ὁ μισθός· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ΛΑ ἐπιτατικὸν μόριον, καὶ τὸ   τρεῖν τὸ φοβεῖσθαι); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, lambda, p. 1282 (Λάτρις. ὁ μισθῷ δουλεύων. λάτρον γὰρ ὁ μισθός. ἢ παρὰ τὸ λα ἐπιτατικὸν καὶ τρεῖν, ὅ ἐστι φοβεῖσθαι); Scholia in Euripidem, Hec. 609 (ἀρχαία λάτρι: παλαιὰ δούλη, ἀντὶ τοῦ γραῦ. λάτρις δὲ ἡ μετὰ φόβου δουλεύουσα, παρὰ τοῦ λα ἐπιτατικοῦ μορίου καὶ τοῦ τρεῖν τὸ φοβεῖσθαι)

Modern etymology

Derivative of λάτρον "wages"

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG has λάτρης "worshipper, lover"

Entry By

Le Feuvre