καίω

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No

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Fri, 07/07/2023 - 18:57

Word-form

κῆλον

Transliteration (Word)

kēlon

English translation (word)

shaft of an arrow

Transliteration (Etymon)

kaiō

English translation (etymon)

to set on fire

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. *112

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2]. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, kappa, p. 84

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, 1820

Quotation

Kῆλον· παρὰ τὸν κήσω μέλλοντα τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ καύσω, ὅθεν καὶ τὸ „πυρὶ κηλέῳ“ (Θ 217), τουτέστιν καυστικῷ, γέγονε πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε. παρὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν κήσω μέλλοντα, ἀφ’ οὗ κῆλον, καὶ τὸ „αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς“ (ε 240), τὰ περικεκαυμένα ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ ξηρά.

Translation (En)

Kēlon "arrow": from the future *kēsō which means "I will burn" [kausō], from which is also made "puri kēleōi" ["burning fire"] (Il. 8.217), namely "capable of burning" [kaustikōi], by addition of /e/. From this same future kēsō, from which comes kēlon, is also made "aua palai, perikēla, ta hoi plōoien elaphrōs" ["long dry and well-seasoned, which would float for him lightly"] (Od. 5.240), that which as been completely burned [perikekaumena] and dryed by the sun.

Other translation(s)

Kēlon « flèche » : du futur *kēsō qui signifie « je brûlerai » [kausō], d’où vient aussi puri kēleōi [« feu brûlant »] (Il. 8.217), c’est-à-dire « qui peut brûler » [kaustikōi], avec ajout de /e/. Vient aussi du même futur *kēsō, à partir duquel est fait kēlon, ‘aua palai, perikēla, ta hoi plōoien elaphrōs’ [« morts et desséchés depuis longtemps, ils flotteraient légèrement pour lui »] (Od. 5.240), ce qui a été complètement brûlé [perikekaumena] et assèché par le soleil.

Comment

Philoxenus equates κῆλα "arrows" with the adjective κηλἐος "burning", which clearly belongs with καίω. Therefore the etymology of κηλέος is also assumed to be valid for κῆλον. It is a derivational etymology, starting from the future. But here the future *κήσω is an invented form, built after the epic aorist (ἐ)κῆα, which provides the stem κη-. From there is really derived a future *κήσω, given as an equivalent of the regular future καύσω, and assumed to be the etymon of κῆλον. Notice that it would have been possible to derive κῆ-λον directly from κῆ-α and that the intermediate step of this invented future was not necessary. The future is required here only by Philoxenus' theory, which assigns an important role to this tense in his derivation process. 

Parallels

bT Schol. Il. 1.53c ([κῆλα] ἢ κῆλα τὰ δείματά φηϲιν, ἢ τὰ καύϲεωϲ αἴτια); Epimerismi Homerici Il. 1.53b1 (κῆλα: σημαίνει τὰ βέλη, τὰ αἴτια τῆς καύσεως, ὅθεν καὶ ὁ προφήτης· „τὰ βέλη αὐτοῦ τοῖς καιομένοις ἐξειργάσατο“ (Ps. 7, 14), τουτέστι τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς καὶ ἀσεβέσι. Ps Os | παρὰ τὸ κήω, κήσω, κῆλον καὶ δῆλον. Ps); ibid. 1.53b2 (κῆλα: παρὰ τὸ καίω· κυρίως γὰρ τὸν κεραυνὸν σημαίνει καὶ τὸν πρηστῆρα ἡ λέξις); Etym. Gudianum, kappa, p. 319 (Κῆλον, τὸ ξύλινον βέλος, παρὰ τὸ κάλον τὸ δηλοῦν τὸ ξύλον· κατὰ δὲ γλωσσογράφους βέλη θεῖα, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀστραπὰς καὶ βροντάς· ὤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο· παρὰ τὸν κήσω μέλλοντα, τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ καύσω· ὅθεν καὶ πυρὶ κηλεῷ τουτ’ἔστι καυστικῷ γέγονε, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε· παρὰ τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ κήσω μέλλοντα τὸ αὔα πάλαι περὶ κῆλα); ibid., kappa, p. 319 (Κῆλα, δῆλα τινὰ ὄντα φανερὰ, παρὰ τὸ καίω· κυρίως γὰρ τὸν κεραυνὸν σημαίνει καὶ τὸν πρηστῆρα· ἡ λέξις ἢ παρὰ τὸν ἥσω μέλλοντα, τοῦτ’ ἔστιν ἀφήσω καὶ πέμψω, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵημι τὸ πέμπω, ἧλον καὶ κῆλον· καὶ εἰς τὸ δηλήσεται); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 510 (Κῆλα: Τὰ βέλη· ὁτὲ δὲ, σημεῖα· παρὰ τὸ καίω· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἵημι, τὸ πέμπω, (οὗ ὁ μέλλων, ἥσω, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀφήσω, πέμψω) γίνεται ἧλον καὶ κῆλον. Κυρίως δὲ τὸν κεραυνὸν καὶ τὸν πρηστῆρα σημαίνει ἡ λέξις· καὶ βέλη θεῖα, τουτέστιν ἀστραπὰς καὶ βροντάς· παρὰ τὸν κήσω μέλλοντα, δηλοῦντα τὸ καύσω· ὅθεν καὶ πυρὶ κηλέῳ, τουτέστι καυστικῷ, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ ε. Εἰς τὸ κηλίς. Παρὰ τὸν κήσω μέλλοντα, ὡς τὸ, Αὖα πάλαι, περίκηλα, τά οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς. Τουτέστι τὰ πάνυ κεκαυμένα ὑπὸ ἡλίου, καὶ ξηρά); Joannes Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem, book 1, v. 53 (κῆλα· βέλη· ὁτὲ δὲ τὰ σημεῖα· κῆλα δὲ τὰ βέλη, ἐκ τοῦ καίω καύσω κῆλα, τὰ καυστικά); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, kappa, p. 1206 (Κῆλον. τὸ βέλος τὸ ξύλινον. παρὰ τὸ κάλον, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ξύλον. ἢ βέλος θεῖον, τουτέστιν ἀστραπὰς καὶ βροντάς. —ᾤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο. παρὰ τὸν κήσω μέλλοντα τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ καύσω. ὅθεν καὶ τό· πυρὶ κηλέῳ, τουτέστι καυστικῷ)

Modern etymology

Unclear (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

No

Entry By

Eva Ferrer