εἰμί
Word
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Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
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Ed.
Quotation
Ὦμος· παρὰ τὸ ὦ τὸ ὑπαρκτικὸν ῥῆμα· ὁ ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη ἰσχυρῶς καὶ τὰ φορτία. καὶ παρὰ τὸν οἴσω μέλλοντα, ἐφ’ οὗ φέρομεν τὰ βάρη καὶ τὰ φορτία, γέγονεν οἶμος καὶ τροπῇ τῆς οι διφθόγγου εἰς ω ὦμος. ὡς ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου ἀγκὼν ἀγκώνη ἔδει λέγεσθαι καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ω εἰς οι ἀγκοίνη. τοιοῦτόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ θοίνη. ἀπὸ τοῦ θῶ τοῦ δηλοῦντος τὸ τρέφω, ὁ μέλλων θώσω, θώνη ἔδει· καὶ λέγεται θοίνη.
Translation (En)
Ōmos "shoulder": from the stative verb ō "to be"; that which bears the loads and burdens firmly. And from the future oisō "I will carry", regarding what we carry the loads and burdens on, is made oimos "road" and by changing the diphthong /oi/ into /ō/ ōmos. In the same way as, conversely, from ankōn "bend of the arm" we should say *ankōnē, and <we say> ankoinē "bent arm" by changing /ō/ into /oi/. It is the same with thoinē "feasting" as well. From *thō which means "to feed", future thōsō, should come *thōnē; and we say thoinē.
Other translation(s)
Ōmos « épaule » : du verbe d’état ō « être » ; ce qui supporte les charges et les fardeaux solidement. Et à partir du futur oisō « je porterai », en ce qui concerne ce sur quoi nous portons les charges et les fardeaux, est formé oimos « route » et par changement de la diphtongue /oi/ en /ō/ ōmos. Comme, à l’inverse, sur ankōn « courbure du bras » il faudrait dire *ankōnē « bras recourbé », et avec changement de /ō/ en /oi/ on a ankoinē. C’est la même chose pour thoinē « festin » également. À partir de *thō qui signifie « nourrir », thōsō au futur, il faudrait *thōnē ; et on dit thoinē
Parallels
Orus, Orthographia, folio 283v (ᾠμωγμένον σὺν τῷ ι· οἰμώζω γάρ. Εὐριπίδης Βάκχαις. [καὶ ᾦ]μοι· [π]αρ[ὰ γὰρ] τὸ οἴμοι. τὸ δὲ ὦμοι, [ὃ γίνεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ὦ, ] οὐκ ἔχει· οὐδ[ὲ] γὰρ οἰμωκτικὸν ἐν [] ὦμοι [ἀ]λλ[ὰ] ἠθικῶ[ς] κεῖται τὸ μοι); Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν, omega 3 (ὦμος (Β 259): παρὰ τὸ ὦ, ⸤τὸ ὑπάρχω· ὁ ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη ἰσχυρῶς); Epimerismi Homerici Il. 1.45b (ὦμος: παρὰ τὸ ὦ, τὸ ὑπομένω· ὁ ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη καὶ τὰ φορτία); Etym. Gudianum, omega, p. 575 (Ὦ, εἰς τὸ ἵημι, καὶ οὐσία καὶ ὦμος.); ibid., omega, p. 579 (Ὦμος, παρὰ τὸ ὦ, τὸ ὑπάρχω, κτητικὸν, ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη ἰσχυρῶς); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 350 (Ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι τε ὡς ἐκ τοῦ ψῶ καὶ βλῶ ψωμὸς καὶ βλωμὸς, οὕτω καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ὦ τὸ ὑπάρχω ὠμὸς καὶ ὦμος); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 822 (Ὦμος: Παρὰ τὸ ὦ, τὸ ὑπάρχω, ὁ ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη ἰσχυρῶς καὶ τὰ φορτία. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ μέρος τοῦ σώματος· ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὠμὸς, ὁ ἀπηνὴς καὶ σκληρὸς, οἱονεὶ ὁ μένων ἐν ᾧ ὑπῆρχε, καὶ μὴ μεταβαλλόμενος.); Joannes Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem 1.45 (Ὦμος δέ, παρὰ τὸ ὦ τὸ ὑπομένω, ὁ τὰ βάρη ὑπομένων); ibid., 1.471 (νώμησαν· ἐκίνησαν, διέδωκαν· γίνεται δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ὦ, τὸ ὑπομένω καὶ καρτερῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὦμος καὶ ὠμῶ τὸ ὑπομένω καὶ κατὰ στέρησιν νηωμῶ, τὸ μὴ ὑπομένω καὶ καρτερῶ, ἀλλὰ περιστρέφω καὶ κινῶ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, omega, p. 1886 (Ὦμος. †τὰ μετάφρενα.† παρὰ τὸ ὦ, τὸ ὑπάρχω. ὁ ὑπομένων τὰ βάρη καὶ τὰ φορτία); Geneva Schol. Il. 1.46 (ἐπ’ ὤμων] ὦμος καὶ νῶτος διαφέρει· ὦμος παρὰ τὸ ὦ τὸ βαστάζω, νῶτος δὲ ἡ ῥάχις)
Comment
Derivational etymology, acceptable from the formal point of view but less so from the semantic point of view. The name of the shoulder is supposed to be derived from "to be" but the explanation right afterwards directs to the verb "to carry" (see ὦμος / οἴσω), without any relationship with "to be". It is likely that we have here a first etymology by εἰμί "to be", and a second one by οἴσω "I will carry", but the explanation going with the first etymology was lost in the process of transmission