νέω
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Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
Nαῦς· παρὰ τὸ νέω ὁμοίως, τὸ κολυμβῶ, παράγωγον νεύω, νεύσω ὁ μέλλων, ὡς παρὰ τὸ χέω χεύσω, οὕτω νεύσω νεῦς καὶ ναῦς τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς α. οὕτω Φιλόξενος.
Translation (En)
Naus "ship": similarly, from neō, "to swim", is derived neuō, future neusō, as from kheō "to pour" *kheusō, thus neusō *neus and naus by change of [e] into [a]. That is what Philoxenus says.
Other translation(s)
Naus « navire » : pareillement, à partir de neō, « nager », est dérivé neuō, neusō au futur, de même que *kheusō est dérivé de kheō « verser », ainsi on a neusō *neus et naus par changement de [e] en [a]. Voilà ce qu’écrit Philoxène.
Parallels
A Schol. Il. 9.137 (‘νῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηησάσθω’: ἡ διπλῆ ὅτι παρετυμολογεῖ τὴν ναῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ νῆσαι, ὅ ἐστι σωρεῦσαι (cf. ad Ρ 197). —καὶ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ τὰ ὀνόματα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑτοίμου λαμβάνει, Τερπιάδην τὸν Φήμιον ἀπὸ τοῦ τέρπειν τὸν κιθαρῳδόν (χ 330): ὁ αὐτὸς ἄρα ποιητής); Lexicon αἱμωδεῖν, nu 2 (νηυσί (Β 4): τρεῖς εὐθείας ἔχει, ναῦς καὶ νηῦς καὶ νεῦς. γίνεται παρὰ τὸ νέω, τὸ κ⸤ολυμβῶ⸥· καὶ Ὅμηρος· ἀ{υ}τὰρ {ὃ} χε<ί>ρ<εσ>σι νέων ἐπιμαίε⸤{τ}ο νόστου (ε 344)); ibid., nu 46 (νηυσίν (Α 305 alibi): ὄνομα προσηγορικὸν παρὰ τὸ νέω, τὸ νήχομαι· ἀ{υ}τὰρ {ἐπὴν} χείρεσσι νέων (ε 344). τοῦ ὀνόματος εὐθεῖαι ποικίλαι· νεῦς διὰ τοῦ ε· νηῦς διὰ τοῦ η· ναῦς διὰ τοῦ α (νᾶ{υ}ς παρὰ Δωριεῦσιν). τὸ γραῦς λέγεται καὶ διὰ τοῦ ε γρεύς, ὡς δῆλον ἀπὸ τῆς γρεός γενικῆς, ὡς καὶ τὸ νεὸς ἀμφιελίσσης (η 252 alibi)); Etym. Gudianum, nu, p. 403 (Ναῦς, παρὰ τὸ νέω, τὸ κολυμβῶ· ἢ διὰ τὸ ἐν τοῖς νάμασιν ἴεσθαι, ἤγουν φέρεσθαι); ibid., nu, p. 409 (Νηυσὶ, πλοίοις· τρεῖς εὐθείας ἔχει, ναῦς καὶ νηῦς καὶ νεῦς· καὶ γίνεται παρὰ τὸ νέω τὸ κολυμβῶ· καὶ Ὅμηρος, αὐτὰρ ὁ χερσὶ νέων ἐπεμαίετο νόστου); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 598 (Ναῦς: Γʹ εὐθείας ἔχει· ναῦς, ναός· νηῦς, νηός· νεῦς, νεός. Ναῦς, ναός. Ὁ κανών· δύο μόνα εἰσὶν εἰς ΑΥΣ θηλυκὰ, ναῦς καὶ γραῦς· κέκλιται δὲ ἀμφότερα διὰ καθαροῦ τοῦ ΟΣ· ναὸς, ἡ γενική· καὶ Ἀττικῶς, νεώς. Γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ νῶ, τὸ κολυμβῶ, ἢ νέω, ὁμοίως· παράγωγον νεύω· ὁ μέλλων, νεύσω· νεῦς καὶ ναῦς. Ὅμηρος παρετυμολογεῖ, ἀπὸ τοῦ νῆσαι, ὅ ἐστι σωρεῦσαι· Ἰλιάδος ιʹ, Νῆα ἅλις χρυσοῦ καὶ χαλκοῦ νηησάσθω); ibid., p. 605 (Νηῦς: Γίνεται παρὰ τὸ νέω, τὸ νήχομαι); Johannes Tzetzes, Exegesis in Homeri Iliadem 1.141 (ιδ.νῆα· ἐκ τοῦ νέω τὸ πλέω. ναῦς Αἰολικῶς καὶ Δωρικῶς ναυὸς καὶ ἐκθλίψει ναὸς καὶ τροπῇ Ἰωνικῇ νηός· ἡ Ἀττικὴ τὴν νῆα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, nu, p. 1399 (Νῆϋς. ἡ ναῦς. [διὰ τοῦ ἦτα. παρὰ τὸ νέω, τὸ νήχω, νηῦς, διὰ τοῦ α ναῦς, παρὰ Δωριεῦσι. χρῆται οὖν ὁ ποιητὴς ταύταις ταῖς φωναῖς· νηυσί· ναυσί· νέεσσι· νήεσσιν. οἱ Αἰολεῖς νάεσσι)
Comment
Derivational etymology. From νέω is hypothesized a derivative *νεύω, matching the pair χέω "to pour" / χέυω. The latter pair does exist: χεύω is found in Homer. However, no *νεύω ever existed next to νέω (νεύω means "to nod" and is a different verb), but the Homeric future is indeed νεύσομαι "I will swim", from which it was licit to assume a present νεύω. Then a noun is back-formed, *νεῦς, where -s-, future suffix, becomes -s, nominative ending. The final step is a change of the vowel. Greek grammarians always started from the nominative singular: the same derivation could not account for the other case forms like the genitive νηός (Hom.), νεώς (Attic) but they did not bother with that. This etymology may go back to Aristarchus, since it appears as a "paretymology" in Aristonicus' De signis Iliadis (A scholion Il.)