ἀ- + ῥώομαι

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Sun, 03/12/2023 - 16:00

Word-form

ἄρρωστος

Transliteration (Word)

arrōstos

English translation (word)

weak

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + rhōomai

English translation (etymon)

not + to rush on

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. *48

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, alpha, p. 21

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1973): 1-172

Quotation

Ἄρρωστος· [παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ὑγιαίνω, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω καὶ ὄνομα ῥῶσις. {καὶ} παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ καὶ τὸ „τεύχεσιν ἐρρώσαντο“ (ω 69)· παρέπεται γὰρ τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν καὶ τὸ ὁρμᾶν.] δύναται δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥώω, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω.

Translation (En)

Arrōstos "weak": from *rhō, which means "to be healthy", the future of which is rhōsō and a noun rhōsis "strengthening". {And} from *rhō comes "teukhesin errōsanto" ["[they] moved in their armour"] (ω 69) as well; because moving comes with being healthy. But it can also come from rhōō "to move with speed" the future of which is rhōsō.

Other translation(s)

Arrōstos « faible » : dérivé de rhō, qui signifie « être en bonne santé », dont le futur est rhōsō et un nom rhōsis « renforcement ». {Et} est aussi dérivé de rhō « teukhesin errōsanto » [« [ils] s’agitaient vêtus de leur armure »] (ω 69) ; car le fait de se mouvoir va de pair avec le fait d'être en bonne santé. Mais cela peut aussi être dérivé de rhōō « s’empresser », dont le futur est rhōsō.

Comment

Derivational etymology correctly parsing the word as the privative compound of a verbal adjective. The verb is identified as ῥώομαι "to move violently", and the derivation, as the alternative derivation from ῥώννυμι mentioned first, starts from the future form.

Parallels

Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 206 (⟦Ἄρρωστος⟧· παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ὑ⟦γιαίνω, οὗ ὁ⟧ μέλλων ῥώσω καὶ ὄνομα ῥῶσις. καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ καὶ τὸ <ω 69> „τ⟦εύ⟧χεσιν ἐρρώσαντο“· ⟦παρέπεται⟧ γὰρ ⟦τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν καὶ τὸ ὁρμᾶν⟧. δύναται καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥώω, οὗ μέλλων ῥώσω)

Modern etymology

Within Greek, belongs with ῥώμη "strength" and ῥώννυμι "to be strong". The aorist ἔρρωσα is common to ῥώομαι and ῥώννυμι. Cognate with Hitt. sarhiie/a- "to attack" (?), from *s(e)rh3- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has άρρωστος "weak, sick", αρρωστία "weakness, illness", αρρωσταίνω "to suffer"

Entry By

Eva Ferrer