ἀ- + ῥώννυμι

Word

Validation

No

Last modification

Sun, 03/12/2023 - 15:36

Word-form

ἄρρωστος

Word-lemma

LSJ

Etymon-lemma

LSJ-1 .
LSJ-2

Transliteration (Word)

arrōstos

English translation (word)

weak

Transliteration (Etymon)

a- + rhōnnumi

English translation (etymon)

not- + to be healthy

Author

Philoxenus

Century

1 BC

Reference

fr. *48

Edition

C. Theodoridis, Die Fragmente des Grammatikers Philoxenos [Sammlung griechischer und lateinischer Grammatiker (SGLG) 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1976

Source

Orion

Ref.

Etymologicum, alpha, p. 21

Ed.

F.W. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig: Weigel, 1820 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1973): 1-172

Quotation

Ἄρρωστος· παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, ὃ δηλοῖ τὸ ὑγιαίνω, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω καὶ ὄνομα ῥῶσις. {καὶ} παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ καὶ τὸ „τεύχεσιν ἐρρώσαντο“ (ω 69)· παρέπεται γὰρ τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν καὶ τὸ ὁρμᾶν. δύναται δὲ καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥώω, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω.

Translation (En)

Arrōstos "weak": from *rhō, which means "to be healthy", the future of which is rhōsō and a noun rhōsis "strengthening". {And} from *rhō comes "teukhesin errōsanto" ["[they] moved in their armour"] (ω 69) as well; because moving comes with being healthy. But it can also come from rhōō "to move with speed" the future of which is rhōsō.

Other translation(s)

Arrōstos « faible » : dérivé de *rhō, qui signifie « être en bonne santé », dont le futur est rhōsō et un nom rhōsis « renforcement ». {Et} est aussi dérivé de *rhō « teukhesin errōsanto » [« [ils] s’agitaient vêtus de leur armure »] (ω 69) ; car le fait de se mouvoir va de pair avec le fait d'être en bonne santé. Mais cela peut aussi être dérivé de rhōō « s’empresser », dont le futur est rhōsō.

Comment

Derivational etymology, correctly parsing the word as the privative compound of the verbal adjective of ῥώννυμι. The monosyllabic *ῥῶ is a ghost form assumed to be the base of the derivation. As often, Philoxenus starts from the future form, which provides the [s].

Parallels

Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, vol. 3, p. 144 (ἀρρωστία, ἐκ τοῦ ῥῶ, ῥώσω, ῥωστὸς, καὶ ἄρρωστος); Etym. Genuinum, alpha 1232 (Ἄρρωστος· παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, τὸ ὑγιαίνω, τρίτης συζυγίας τῶν περισπωμένων, οὗ ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω ῥωστός καὶ ἄρρωστος.); Etym. Gudianum, alpha, p. 206 (Ἄρρωστος· παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ὑγιαίνω, ὁ μέλλων ῥώσω, ῥωστός καὶ ἄρρωστος, ὁ ἐστερημένος τῆς ὑγείας); ibid., alpha, p. 206 (⟦Ἄρρωστος⟧· παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ, ὃ σημαίνει τὸ ὑ⟦γιαίνω, οὗ ὁ⟧ μέλλων ῥώσω καὶ ὄνομα ῥῶσις. καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ καὶ τὸ <ω 69> „τ⟦εύ⟧χεσιν ἐρρώσαντο“· ⟦παρέπεται⟧ γὰρ ⟦τοῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν καὶ τὸ ὁρμᾶν⟧. δύναται καὶ παρὰ τὸ ῥώω, οὗ μέλλων ῥώσω); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 149 (Ἄρρωστος: Παρὰ τὸ ῥῶ τὸ ὑγιαίνω, ὁ μέλλων, ῥώσω, ῥωστὸς, καὶ ἄρρωστος, ὁ ἐστερημένος τῆς ὑγείας. Ζήτει εἰς τὰς Διαφοράς· καὶ τὸ ἀρρωδῶ, εἰς τὸ ὀρρωδῶ)

Modern etymology

Within Greek, belongs with ῥώμη "strength" and ῥώομαι "to move violently". The present stem ῥώννυμι is derived from the aorist ἔρρωσα. Cognate with Hitt. sarhiie/a- "to attack" (?), from *s(e)rh3- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG still has άρρωστος "weak, sick", αρρωστία "weakness, illness", αρρωσταίνω "to suffer"

Entry By

Eva Ferrer
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