προΐημι
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Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Quotation
φρὴν δὲ γέγονε παρὰ τὸ φρῶ ῥῆμα κατὰ συγκοπὴν γενόμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ προϊῶ τοῦ σημαίνοντος τὸ πέμπω· πρῶ καὶ κατὰ μετάθεσιν τοῦ π εἰς φ γέγονε φρῶ, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν φρήν, ἀφ’ ἧς προΐεται τὰ βουλεύματα. οὕτω Φιλόξενος.
Translation (En)
Phrēn "mind" comes from *phrô, verb obtained through syncope from proiô "to send": *prô, and by change of [p] into [ph], *phrô, and from there phrēn, from which the thoughts are sent forth. This is what Philoxenus says.
Parallels
Orion, Etymologicum, phi, p. 161 (φρήν· παρὰ τὸ αὐτὸ ῥῆμα τὸ φρῶ φρήν· τί γὰρ γονιμώτερον τῆς φρενός;); ibid., pi, p. 136 (= Philoxenus fr. 162) (πραπίδες· φρῶ ἐστι ῥῆμα κατὰ συναλιφὴν γενόμενον τοῦ προϊῶ. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ προϊῶ πρῶ καὶ φρῶ κατὰ μετάθεσιν τοῦ π εἰς φ, ἔνθεν καὶ φρήν); ibid., phi, p. 162 (= Philoxenus fr. 194) (φρόνιμος· φρῶ ἐστι ῥῆμα, ἀφ’ οὗ ὄνομα φρών, οὗ παράγωγον φρῶ φραίνω καὶ εὐφραίνω. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ φρῶ ἡ φρήν. παρὰ τὸ ἱῶ καὶ προϊῶ συναλιφῇ φρῶ καὶ φρήν, ἀφ’ ἧς προΐεται τὰ βουλεύματα καὶ αἱ γνῶμαι); Epimerismi homerici Il. 1.608 (ἐντεῦθεν γέγονε καὶ τὸ φρήν· ἀπὸ τοῦ προϊῶ καὶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν πρῶ καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ π εἰς φ φρῶ καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ φρήν); Scholia Vat. in Dionysii Thracis Artem grammaticam I.3.247 (φρονῶ ἁπλοῦν. κατὰ δὲ Φιλόξενον αὐτόθεν ἁπλοῦν· φρῶ γάρ φησι ῥῆμα δηλωτικὸν τοῦ προϊέναι, παρ’ ὃ καὶ φρὴν ἡ προϊεμένη, ἤγουν προπέμπουσα τὰ νοήματα, καὶ φρέαρ, ἀφ’ οὗ προΐεται τὸ ὕδωρ, καὶ ἀφρὸς τοῦ α ἐπίτασιν δηλοῦντος· τί γὰρ τούτου μᾶλλον εἰς τὸ ἄνω προΐεται;); Etym. Gudianum, eta, p. 252 (τὸ δὲ εὐφραίνω ἔστι φρῶ τὸ προϊῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ φρὴν, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ φραίνω, καὶ μετὰ τοῦ εὖ μορίου εὐφραίνω τὸ καλῶς προϊῶ); ibid., phi, p. 557 (φρήν […] γίνεται δὲ παρὰ τὸ πρῶ τὸ προϊῶ, καταπροϊῶ, τὸ προπέμπω, πρῶ καὶ φρῶ κατὰ μετάθεσιν· καὶ ἐντεῦθεν φρήν· ἐφ’ ἦς προΐεται τὰ βουλεύματα); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 799 (φρήν· ἀπὸ τοῦ προϊῶ, τὸ προπέμπω, συγκοπῇ πρῶ καὶ φρῶ· ἐξ οὗ φρήν· ἀφ’ ἧς προΐεται τὰ βουλεύματα); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, phi, p. 1824 (Φρήν. φρόνησις. νοῦς. ἀπὸ τοῦ προϊῶ, πρῶ καὶ φρῶ, φρὴν, ἀφ’ ἧς προΐεται τὰ βουλεύματα).
Derivation from *φραίνω: Etym. Genuinum B (= Philoxenus fr. 194) (φρόνιμος· φρῶ ἐστι ῥῆμα, ὅπερ ἀπὸ τοῦ προϊῶ γέγονε πρῶ καὶ φρῶ κατὰ συγκοπὴν καὶ τροπήν. φρῶ οὖν ῥῆμα, ἀφ’ οὗ ὄνομα φρὼν καὶ σύνθετον σώφρων καὶ εὔφρων καὶ ἄφρων δέ· οὗ παράγωγον φραίνω καὶ εὐφραίνω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ τὸ φρήν)
Comment
Derivational etymology starting from one of Philoxenus' monosyllabic verbs. The verb itself, *φρῶ, is a ghost form abstracted from *προΐω, itself the thematic form assumed to underlie προΐημι (for Greek grammarians, -μι verbs were derived from -ω verbs). The mind is etymologized as the source sending thoughts.
Two different derivations are attested, one deriving φρήν directly from *φρῶ, and another one deriving it from φραίνω, itself derived from *φρῶ as βαἰνω was thought to derive from βῶ.