ἐκθρώσκω
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Etymon-lemma
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English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
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Ed.
Quotation
ἐχθρός: παρὰ τὸ ἔχθος ἐχθηρὸς καὶ συγκοπῇ ἐχθρός ἢ ὡς κῦδος κυδρός. οἱ δὲ διὰ τοῦ κ γράφοντές φασιν εἶναι ἐκθρός ὁ ἔξω τεθορηκώς, εἴγε σύμβασις ἡ φιλία. οὕτω φησὶν Ἡρωδιανὸς ἐν τῇ ὀρθογραφίᾳ, διὰ δὲ τοῦ χ γράφει
Translation (En)
Ekhthros "enemy": from ekhthos "hatred", *ekhthēros and by syncope ekhtēros, or as kudos "glory", kudros "glorious". But others, spelling it with <k>, say ekthros is the one who leapt out (exō tethorēkōs), since sumbasis "truce" means "friendship". This is what Herodian says in the Peri orthographias, and he spells it with <kh>
Parallels
Epimerismi homerici ordine alphabetico traditi, epsilon 59 (ἔχθιστος (Β 220): ἐκ τοῦ ἐχθρός· ἐτυμολογεῖται δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θορῶ, τὸ πηδῶ, καὶ <τῆς ἔκ προθέσεως> ἐκθορῶ, ὁ μέλλων ἐκθορήσω ἐκθορός καὶ συγκοπῇ ἐχθρός, ὁ ἔξω ἡμῶν προερχόμενος); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 573 (idem); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 405-406 (Ἐχθρός: Ἐκ τοῦ θορῶ, τὸ πηδῶ· καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θορῶ θορήσω, γίνεται ἔκθορος· καὶ συγκοπῇ, ἐχθρὸς, ὁ ἔξω ἡμῶν προδιερχόμενος· παρὰ τὸ ἔξω ἡμῶν εἶναι καὶ πηδᾶν)
Comment
This etymology derives ἐκθρός from ἐκθρώσκω "to leap out of", and consequently spells it with κ and not χ. It is an etymologia ex antonymo, based on the etymology of σύμβασις in the meaning "truce": σύμβασις literally means "coming together", hence "agreement". Since "truce" is the opposite of "hatred", the etymology of the latter must be the opposite of the former. This means that the etymon of ἐχθρός must be a verb of motion with a preverb indicating separation (opposite of συν- which implies union). The form displaying those features and formally compatible with ἐχθρός is ἐκθρώσκω. And the fact that ἐκθρώσκω is not the opposite of συμβαίνω from which σύμβασις is derived was not taken into account. The etymology is older than Herodian since he reports it and condemns it. It seems to have originated in the Homeric scholia and is given as the correct one by the Epimerisms.