ἔχθος
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
ἐχθρός: παρὰ τὸ ἔχθος ἐχθηρὸς καὶ συγκοπῇ ἐχθρός ἢ ὡς κῦδος κυδρός. οἱ δὲ διὰ τοῦ κ γράφοντές φασιν εἶναι ἐκθρός ὁ ἔξω τεθορηκώς, εἴγε σύμβασις ἡ φιλία. οὕτω φησὶν Ἡρωδιανὸς ἐν τῇ ὀρθογραφίᾳ, διὰ δὲ τοῦ χ γράφει.
Translation (En)
Ekhthros "enemy": from ekhthos "hatred", *ekhthēros and by syncope ekhtēros, or as kudos "glory", kudros "glorious". But others, spelling it with <k>, say ekthros is the one who leapt out, since sumbasis "truce" means "friendship". This is what Herodian says in the Peri orthographias, and he spells it with <kh>
Parallels
Herodian, Partitiones, p. 39 (ἔχθος, τὸ μῖσος, ὅθεν καὶ ἐχθρὸς, καὶ ἐχθραίνω); Theodosius, Peri grammatikēs, p. 65 (τὸ ἐχθρός διὰ τοῦ ΧΘ γραπτέον· ὥσπερ γὰρ παρὰ τὸ ψῦχος γίνεται ψυχρός, οὕτω καὶ παρὰ τὸ ἔχθος γίνεται ἐχθρός); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 102 (Παρὰ τὸ ἐχθραίνω, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἐχθρὸς, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔχθος, τὸ μῖσος, τοῦτο παρὰ τὸ ἔχω τὸ κρατῶ); Scholia in Hesiodum, Op. 257a (vetera) (ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ κῦδος γίνεται κυδρὸς καὶ κυδρὴ ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔχθος ἐχθρός)
Comment
Derivational etymology deriving the adjective from the noun. The suffix is assumed to be -ηρος, followed by a syncope. The parallel of κῦδος, κυδρός reflects the use of analogy in Herodian's etymology.