ὀργάω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
(s.v. θυμός) τί διαφέρει μῆνις ὀργή χόλος κότος θυμός; μῆνις μέν ἐστιν ἡ ἐπίμονος ὀργὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ μένειν· ὀργὴ δὲ ἡ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον παρὰ τὸ ὀργᾶν· χόλος δὲ οἱονεὶ κίνησις χολῆς καὶ αὕτη ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον γίνεται· κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι· θυμὸς δὲ ζέσις τοῦ περὶ καρδίαν αἵματος ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν, τουτέστι μανικῶς ὁρμᾶν.
Translation (En)
What is the difference between mēnis "wrath", orgē "anger", kotos "resentment", thumos "fury"? Mēnis "wrath" is an anger that persists, from menein "to stay". Orgē "anger" is a short-lived anger, from orgân "to be eager". Kholos "rage" is so to speak a motion of the gall, and it is short-lived, too. Kotos is the long-lasting resentment, from keisthai "to lie". Thumos is the heating of the blood around the heart, from thuein, that is, to rush furiously
Parallels
Etym. Parvum, theta 1 (τί διαφέρει μῆνις, ὀργή, χόλος, κότος, θυμός; διαφέρουσι· μῆνις μέν ἐστιν ἡ ἐπίμονος ὀργή, ἀπὸ τοῦ μένειν. ὀργὴ δὲ ἡ ἐπ’ ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ, παρὰ ὀργᾶν. χόλος δὲ οἱονεὶ κίνησις χολῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι. κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία. θυμὸς δὲ οἱονεὶ ζέσις χολῆς. ἣ ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν ὅ ἐστι μανικῶς ὁρμᾶν); Etym. Gudianum, theta, p. 267 (τὶ διαφέρει μῆνις, ὀργὴ, χόλος, κότος, καὶ θυμὸς, διαφέρει. μῆνις μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπίμονος ὀργὴ, ἀπὸ τοῦ μένειν. ὀργὴ δὲ ἡ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον, παρὰ τὸ ὀργᾷν. χόλος δὲ οἱονεὶ κίνησις χολῆς. ἀπὸ τοῦ κεῖσθαι κότος δὲ ἡ πολυχρόνιος μνησικακία. θυμὸς δὲ ζέσις τοῦ περικαρδίου αἵματος, ἀπὸ τοῦ θύειν, τουτ’ἔστι μανικῶς ὁρμᾷν); ibid., kappa, p. 341 (διαφέρει δὲ ὀργὴ μὲν γὰρ ἡ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον, ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀργᾷν· μῆνις δὲ ἡ μόνιμος ὀργὴ, ἀπὸ τοῦ μένειν· χόλος δὲ ἡ κίνησις τοῦ χόλου, καὶ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον γενόμενον); Euthymius Zigabenus, Commentarius in psalterium 84 (ὡς εἶναι θυμὸν μετὰ τὴν κίνησιν τῆς ὀργῆς, παρὰ τοῦ θύειν καὶ ὁρμᾷν· ὀργὴν δέ, παρὰ τοῦ ὀργᾷν καὶ σφύζειν τὴν σφοδρὰν καὶ ὀξεῖαν ζέσιν εἰς ἄμυναν)
The etymology is implicit in Basil of Caesarea, Homilia adversus eos qui irascuntur, MPG 31, 369 : ὀργὴ δὲ ἔμμονος λύπη καὶ ὁρμὴ διαρκὴς πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἠδικηκότων ἀντίδοσιν, ὥσπερ ὀργώσης τῆς ψυχῆς πρὸς τὴν ἄμυναν.
Comment
Derivational etymology which reverses the real relationship between the noun and the verb. Ὀργάω is a denominative of ὀργή, but since in Greek etymology as a rule grammarians started from a verb, ὀργάω is here assumed as the etymon.