εἴργω

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Last modification

Mon, 10/17/2022 - 22:30

Word-form

ὀργή

Transliteration (Word)

orgē

English translation (word)

anger

Transliteration (Etymon)

eirgō

English translation (etymon)

to prevent

Author

Herodian

Century

2 AD

Reference

De orthographia, Lentz III.2, p. 502

Edition

A. Lentz, Grammatici graeci III/2, Leipzig 1870

Source

Choeroboscus

Ref.

De orthographia (epitome), p. 205

Ed.

J. A. Cramer, Anecdota Graeca e codd. manuscriptis bibliothecarum Oxoniensium, vol. 2, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1835 (repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1963)

Quotation

εἴργω: δίφθογγος. ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ ἐέργω γίνεται κατὰ κρᾶσιν τῶν δύο εε εἰς τὴν ει δίφθογγον. καὶ ἄλλως, ὅτι ἀνεφάνη τὸ ε ἐν τῷ ἔργαθεν· ἢ διὰ τὸ ἀντιπαρακεῖσθαι τὸ ο οἷον ὀργή. ἡ δὲ ὀργή εἴργει τινὰ τοῦ καλῶς βουλ<εύ>εσθαι 

Translation (En)

Eirgō "to prevent", because it comes from eergō through contraction of the two /ee/ into the diphthong /ei/. And also because the /e/ is visible in ergathen "prevented" (Il. 11.437); or from the fact that it corresponds to /o/, as in orgē "anger". Anger prevents you from thinking well.

Comment

Derivational etymology relying on the analogy of the λέγω ~ λόγος type and the familiar alternation between e grade and o grade. Anger is defined as what prevents man from doing things correctly. Choeroboscus' text has βούλεσθαι, Lentz restores βουλεύεσθαι. The etymology relies on the secondary meaning of εἴργω "to prevent s.o. from doing sth.", rather than the proper meaning "to shut in"

Parallels

Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 81 (Ὀργή, ὄνομα ῥηματικόν· καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ ῥέζω τὸ πράττω· ὁ μέσος παρακείμενος ἔρρογα, καὶ ἐν ὑπερβιβασμῷ ἔοργα, τοῦ ἑνὸς Ρ ἀποβληθέντος, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ ὀργή· ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἴργω τὸ κωλύω, ἡ κωλύουσα ἡμᾶς τὰ δέοντα βουλεύεσθαι, εἰργὴ, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Ι καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ Ε εἰς Ο ὀργή· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ὀρέγω, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ὀρεγὴ, καὶ ἐν συγκοπῇ ὀργή); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 426 (<Εἴργω>· ... ἢ ἐπειδὴ ἀντιπαράκειται τῇ ὀργῇ· ἡ γὰρ ὀργὴ εἴργει τινὰ τοῦ καλῶς βουλεύεσθαι); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 629 (Ὀργή: Ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥέζω, τὸ πράττω, ὅθεν τὸ ἔοργα γίνεται· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ὀρέγω, τὸ ἐπιθυμῶ, ὀρεγή· καὶ συγκοπῇ, ὀργή. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἴργω, εἰργή· καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ι, καὶ τροπῇ τοῦ ε εἰς ο, ὀργὴ, ἡ κωλύουσα ἡμᾶς τὰ δέοντα βουλεύεσθαι. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ ὄρω, τὸ διεγείρω, ὀρὴ καὶ ὀργή)

Modern etymology

Probably cognate with Ved. ūrjā́- "strength". Within Greek, belongs with ὀργάω "to swell" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

Yes

Entry By

Le Feuvre