χρεία

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No

Last modification

Sun, 03/06/2022 - 11:30

Word-form

χεῖρες

Transliteration (Word)

kheir

English translation (word)

hand

Transliteration (Etymon)

khreia

English translation (etymon)

need, use

Author

Orion

Century

5 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

Etymologicum, chi, p. 163

Ed.

F. Sturz, Orionis Thebani etymologicon, Leipzig, Weigel, 1820

Quotation

Χεῖρες. ἀπὸ τῆς χρήσεως, ὡσανεὶ χρήσιες οὖσαι, ἢ χρεῖαι. οὐδεμία γὰρ τέχνη προκόπτει δίχα χειρῶν. […] ἢ χειαί τινες εἰσὶν, οἷον χωρητική. ὡς δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος, ἀπὸ τοῦ διϊστᾶν τοὺς δακτύλους, καὶ διέχειν. καὶ χηραμὸς, ἡ κεχηνυῖα.

Translation (En)

Kheires "hands", from the usage, as though they were usages or uses (khreiai). Because no technical skill works without the hands. […] or they are "pouring" (kheiai), as capable of holding. But Apollodorus says the name comes from the fact that the fingers stand apart (diekhein) and at a distance. And also khēramos "hole, lair", the hollow one.

Comment

Derivational etymology relying on a metathesis [khrei] > [kheir]. The hands are the body part we use for everything, especially for production, hence the specification about handwork.

Parallels

Anastasius Sin., Viae dux 2.8 (χεῖρες διὰ τὸ χεῖσθαι ῥᾷον καὶ διὰ τὸ τὴν χρείαν ὑπουργεῖν); Etym. Gudianum, chi, p. 564 (idem, with διὰ τὴν χρείαν ὑπουργεῖν); Meletius, De natura hominis, p. 118 (Χεῖρες οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς χρήσεως λέγονται, ὡσανεὶ χρεῖαι οὖσαι· οὐδέμια γὰρ τέχνη προκόπτει δίχα χειρῶν· καθὼς καὶ ὁ ποιητὴς φησὶν, ‘χειρῶν ὀλλυμένων ἔῤῥει πολύεργος Ἀθήνη’· ἢ χεὶρ παρὰ τὸ ῥᾶον χεῖσθαι· ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἴσχω τὸ κρατῶ· ἡ ἐπιτήδειος πρὸς τὸ κρατεῖν· ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ διϊστᾶν τοὺς δακτύλους καὶ διαχεῖν)

Modern etymology

Old name of the hand, cognate with Ved. hasta- "hand" and Hitt. kesar "id.". PIE *ghes-r- (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

MG has χείρα as a learned word, including in compounds; the usual form is χέρι

Entry By

Le Feuvre