νύσσω
Word
Validation
Word-form
Word-lemma
Etymon-lemma
Transliteration (Word)
English translation (word)
Transliteration (Etymon)
English translation (etymon)
Century
Reference
Edition
Source
Ref.
Ed.
Quotation
νύξ· παρὰ τὸ νύσσω, τὸ κάμπτω, νύξω νύξ, δι’ ἧς καμπτόμεθα· ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον.
Translation (En)
nux "night": from nussō "to sting", meaning "to bend", <future> nuxō, nux, by which we are bent; the one stinging (nussousa) us to sleep
Parallels
Explanation 1, night causes sleep by its sting: Herodian, Περὶ κλίσεως ὀνομάτων, Lentz III/2, p. 744 (τὸ δὲ νύξ διὰ τοῦ χ ἐκλίθη, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ νύσσω νύξω νύξ γέγονεν οἱονεὶ ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον); Procopius, Commentarii in Genesim 1.5 («νὺξ» δὲ καλεῖται, ἐπειδὴ νύττει τὸν ἄνθρωπον καὶ καθεύδοντα); Choeroboscus, Prolegomena in Theodosii Alexandrini Canones isagogicos de flexion nominum, p. 295 (τὸ δὲ νύξ νυχός διὰ τοῦ χ ἐκλίθη, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ νύσσω νύξω νύξ γέγονεν, οἱονεὶ ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον); Choeroboscus, Epimerismi in Psalmos, p. 39 (παρὰ τὸ νύσσω τὸ κάμπτω, ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸ ὕπνου (πρὸς ὕπνον·)); ibid., p. 39 (Ἐκ γοῦν τοῦ νύσσω νύξω, κατὰ ἀποβολὴν τοῦ Ω, νύξ); Epimerismi homerici Il. 1.47b (γέγονε δὲ νύξ παρὰ τὸ νύσσω νύξω καὶ <κατὰ> ἀποβολὴν <τοῦ> ω νύξ· καὶ γὰρ νύττει ἡμᾶς <πρὸς ὕπνον>); Joannes Mauropus, Etymologica nominum 115-116 (ἡ νὺξ δ’ ἄδηλος κἀνθάδε ζοφουμένη, | εἰ μὴ πρὸς ὕπνον, ὡς λόγος, νύσσει κόρας); Etym. Gudianum, nu, p. 412 (Νὺξ, παρὰ τὸ νύσσω· νυσσόμεθα γὰρ προσκόπτοντες τῷ σκότει· ἢ παρὰ τὸ νύσσω τὸ κάμπτω, ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον); Michael Glycas, Annales, p. 38 (ὠνομάσθη δὲ νὺξ τοῦτο τὸ σκότος, ἐπειδὴ καθεύδοντα νύττει τὸν ἄνθρωπον); Eustathius, Comm. Il. 2, 461 Van der Valk (Ἡ μέντοι νὺξ οὐ τοιαύτη, ἀλλὰ γίνεται μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ νύσσω νύξω ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω. Λαλεῖται δέ, φασί, τοῦτο ἀντιφραστικῶς. Οὐ γὰρ νύσσει πρὸς ἔργον, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον κατατίθησιν, ὡς δηλοῖ, φασί, καὶ τὸ «θοὴ νύξ», ἡ καταθετική. εἰ μὴ ἄρα τοὺς φιλεργοὺς νύσσει κεντοῦσα οἷον καὶ πλήττουσα, ὅτι καταργοῦσι τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῆς); Eustathius, Comm. Od. 2, 84 Stallbaum (Νὺξ δὲ γίνεται κατὰ τοὺς παλαιοὺς ἐκ τοῦ νύσσω νύξω ἀποβολῇ τοῦ ω, ἀντιφραστικῶς, φασὶν, ἡ μὴ νύσσουσα εἰς ἔργον, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον κατατιθεῖσα. ὅθεν καὶ θοὴ νὺξ ἡ καταθετικὴ κατά τινας, ὡς καὶ ἐν τοῖς εἰς τὴν Ἰλιάδα κεῖται); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 608–609 (Νύξ: Παρὰ τὸ νύσσω, νύξω, νὺξ, δι’ ἧς καμπτόμεθα, ἡ νύσσουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον· ὁ δὲ Βησαντῖνος ἐν τῷ περὶ Χρηστομαθείας, παρὰ τὸν νύξω μέλλοντα, (δηλοῖ τὸ πλῆξαι,) διὰ τὸ νύσσεσθαι καὶ προσπταίειν τοῖς ἐνεργοῦσι τὶ ἐν σκότει. Ἢ παρὰ τὸ προσκόπτειν καὶ πλήττεσθαι τοὺς βαδίζοντας ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, nu, p. 1408 (παρὰ τὸ νύσσω, νύξω, νύξ· δι’ ἧς καμπτόμεθα. ὁ δὲ Βησαντῖνος παρὰ τὸν νύξω μέλλοντα, τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ πλήξω, διὰ τὸ νύσσεσθαι καὶ προσπταίειν τοῖς ἐνεργουμένοις τὶ ἐν σκότει ἢ προσκόπτειν καὶ πλήττεσθαι τοὺς βαδίζοντας ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ); Scholia in Pindarum, O. 1.3 (Νυκτί· παρὰ τὸ νύσσω, νύξω, νύξ, ἡ νύσσουσα καὶ κάμπτουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς ὕπνον· ἢ παρὰ τὸν νύξω μέλλοντα, τὸν δηλοῦντα τὸ πλήξω, διὰ τὸ νύσσεσθαι καὶ προσπαίειν τοῖς ἐνεργοῦσί τι ἐν σκότει).
Explanation 2, man hits objects in the dark : Orion, Etymologicum, nu, p. 109 (Νύξ. παρὰ τὸν γινόμενον ἐκ τῶν προκόψεων τοῦ σκότου νυγμόν. αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ νύξαι ἀπὸ τοῦ νύσσω, τοῦ δηλοῦντος τὸ πλῆξαι); Photius, Bibliotheca p. 535a Bekker (Ὅτι τὸ νὺξ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ νύξω γέγονε, κατὰ ἀποκοπήν· νυττόμεθα γὰρ ἐν τῷ σκότει προσπταίοντες καὶ οὐχ ὁρῶντες, ἐξ ὧν νυγμοί τε καὶ πληγαί); Etym. Gudianum, nu, p. 412 (see above); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 608–609 (see above); Ps.-Zonaras, Lexicon, nu, p. 1408 (see above); Scholia in Pindarum, O. 1.3 (see above)
Comment
Derivational etymology starting from the future form of the verb, and deriving the noun by simply deleting the verbal ending. From the semantic point of view, the etymology is far-fetched: night "stings" men, which is the cause of sleep. Eustathius explains this etymology as antiphrastic: the sting of night, instead of stirring up people, makes them inactive. A different semantic interpretation, with the same verb, is that one hits things at night because of obscurity (see Parallels).