logo etygram

EtygramEtymologies Grecques Antiques et Médiévales
Ancient and Medieval Greek Etymologies

δαρθάνω

Word

δαρθάνω

Validation

Yes

Last modification

Thu, 03/02/2023 - 18:30

Word-form

δρήθω

Word-lemma

LSJ

Etymon-lemma

LSJ

Transliteration (Word)

drēthō

English translation (word)

to sleep

Transliteration (Etymon)

draō

English translation (etymon)

to see

Author

Etym. Gudianum

Century

11 AD

Source

Idem

Ref.

Etym. Gudianum, upsilon, p. 544

Ed.

F. Sturz, Etymologicum Graecae linguae Gudianum et alia grammaticorum scripta e codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum edita, Leipzig: Weigel, 1818

Quotation

Ὑπόδρα. […] τὸ δὲ δρῶ σημαίνει τέσσαρα· δρῶ τὸ κρατῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ δάκτυλος, δρῶ τὸ ὑπηρετῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ δραπέτης, ὁ ἀποδρῶν τῆς δουλείας· δρῶ τὸ βλέπω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ὑπόδρα ἰδών· καὶ δρήθω τὸ κοιμῶμαι κατ’ ἀντίφρασιν· οἱ γὰρ κοιμώμενοι οὐ βλέπουσι· δρῶ τὸ πράττω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ δράμα.

Translation (En)

Hupodra. […] drô has four meanings: drô "to be strong", from which dactylos "finger". Drô "to serve", from which drapetēs "runaway slave", the one who flees away from his servile duty. Drô "to see", from which hupodra idôn "with a look from below", and drēthō "to sleep", by antiphrasis, because those who sleep cannot see. Drô "to act", from which drama "action".

Comment

Etymology a contrario (enantiosemy). This one is not mentioned under the lemma δαρθάνω, but incidentally under a different lemma, for a different verb meaning "to see". The verb *draō "to see" is a ghost-form deduced from ἔδρακον "I saw", ὑπόδρα "looking from beneath", belonging with δέρκομαι

Parallels

Etym. Magnum, Kallierges p. 285 (Δρῶ: Σημαίνει τέσσαρα· δρῶ, τὸ κρατῶ, ἐξ οὗ δράκτυλος καὶ δάκτυλος· δρῶ, τὸ ὑπηρετῶ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ δραπέτης, ὁ ἀποδρῶν τῆς δουλείας· δρῶ, τὸ βλέπω, ἐξ οὗ "ὑπόδρα ἰδών". Καὶ δρήθω, κατὰ ἀντίφρασιν· οἱ γὰρ κοιμώμενοι οὐ βλέπουσι· δρῶ, τὸ πράττω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ δρᾶμα. Ἐκ τοῦ δρῶ παράγωγον δράσσω· ὁ μέλλων, δράξω); Eustathius, Comm. Il. vol. 1, 109 Van der Valk (δρῶ, τὸ βλέπω, καὶ οἱονεὶ διορῶ, ἐξ οὗ φασι καὶ τὸ δέρκω παράγωγον· ὅθεν καὶ τὸ δραθάνειν, ὅ ἐστι κοιμᾶσθαι, οἱονεὶ ἡ τοῦ βλέπειν ἀπόθεσις); Eustathius, Comm. in Homeri Odysseam vol. 2, 231 Stallbaum (Τὸ δὲ ἔδραθε σύνθετόν ἐστι· δράθω γὰρ καὶ δραθεῖν τὸ ἀποτιθέναι τὸ δρᾶν, ὅ ἐστι βλέπειν, περὶ οὗ ἀλλαχοῦ εἴρηται); Scholia in Aristophanem, Plutum 87c (recentiora) (“δρῶ” τὸ ποιῶ τι, ἐξ οὗ καὶ “δρᾶμα” ἡ ποίησις. “δρῶ” τὸ φεύγω, ἐξ οὗ καὶ “δραπέτης” ὁ φυγάς. “δρῶ” τὸ βλέπω, [ἐξ οὗ καὶ “δραγμή”, ὅτι “δρῶ” τὸ νόμισμα?] Chis)