εἷς

LeFeuvre — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 16:34:29 +0000

εἷς LeFeuvre Fri, 12/27/2024 - 17:34

Word

εὖνις

Last modification

Fri, 12/27/2024 - 17:35

Entry By

Le Feuvre

Validation

Word-lemma

LSJ

Word-form

εὖνις

Transliteration (Word)

eunis

English translation (word)

bereaved of

Etymon-lemma

LSJ

Transliteration (Etymon)

heis

English translation (etymon)

one

Author

Apollonius Dyscolus

Century

2 AD

Source

idem

Ref.

De adverbiis

Ed.

R. Schneider, Grammatici Graeci, vol. 2.1, Leipzig: Teubner, 1878 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1965)

Quotation

τό τε εὖνις παρὰ τὴν ἑνός παρωνόμασται.

Translation (En)

The word eunis "bereaved of" is derived from henos "of one"

Comment

Derivational etymology taking as its starting point an inflected form. The genitive ending of the etymon, -os, provides the nominative of the lemma, -is, assuming that the vowel underwent a pathos (change /o/ to /I/, explicit in there sources). Then the /u/ is added. The etymology, formally artificial, is motivated by semantics: who is "bereaved of" (εὖνις) someone is single and alone (εἷς). The genitive seems to be motivated by the fact that the etymon, as the origin of the lemma, is often introduced under the form ἐκ τοῦ, ἀπὸ τοῦ in the genitive. An original wording *εὖνις ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑνός, with the etymon "single" in the genitive because it was requested by the preposition in the frame of the explanation, was changed in Apollonius' wording, with the genitive being in metalinguistic use as the etymon, and introduced by παρά + Acc.

Parallels

Herodian, Peri pathôn, Lentz III/2, p. 272 (ap. Orion, Etymologicum, epsilon, p. 57) (εὖνις: ὁ ἐστερημένος τινὸς παρὰ τὴν ἑνός γενικήν· ὁ γὰρ παρώνυμος χαρακτὴρ ἀπὸ γενικῆς γίνεται. οὕτω παρὰ τὴν ἑνός γενικὴν ἕνις καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ υ εὖνις. οὕτως εὗρον ἐν τῷ περὶ παθῶν); Herodian, Peri kliseôs onomatôn, Lentz III/2, p. 701 (ap. Choeroboscus, Prolegomena et scholia in Theodosii alexandrini Canones isagogicox de flexione nominum, p. 199) (λέγεται δὲ εὖνις καὶ ὁ ἐστερημένος τῆς γυναικὸς τουτέστιν ὁ μεμονωμένος· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ εἷς ἑνός γέγονεν ἔνις καὶ πλεονασμῷ τοῦ υ εὖνις); D Schol. Il. 22,44 (εὖνιν ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἡσυχάζοντα, ἐξ οὗ ἠρημωμένον, ἐξ οὗ ἐστερημένον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς ἕνις καὶ εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος); bT Schol. Il. 22.44b (εὖνιν: ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἡσυχάζοντα, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἠρημωμένον, ἐξ οὗ ἐστερημένον. ἢ παρὰ τὴν ἑνὸς γενικὴν ἕνις εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος); Etym. Gudianum, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὖνις· ὁ ἔρημος, ὁ ἐστερημένος τινός· παρὰ τὴν ἑνός γενικὴν ἑνίς καὶ εὖνις προσθέσει τοῦ ι. οὕτως εὗρον ἐν τῷ Περὶ παθῶν); Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὖνις· ὁ χῆρος καὶ ἔρημος, ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενος ... ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἑνός γίνεται εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 1, p. 229 (διὰ τὴν Αἰολικὴν ἢ καὶ Ἰωνικὴν τοῦ υ ἐπένθεσιν κατὰ τὸ ὅρος οὖρος καὶ τὰ ὅμοια, ἐν οἷς καὶ ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ εἷς ἑνός γινόμενος εὖνις, ὅ ἐστι μεμονωμένος καὶ ὡς εἰπεῖν ἑνιαῖος); ibid., vol. 4, p. 569 (Εὖνιν δὲ τὸν ἐστερημένον λέγει καὶ μεμονωμένον, παρὰ τὴν ἑνὸς γενικήν, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ υ. τινὲς δέ φασιν ὅτι παρὰ τὴν εὐνὴν ὁ εὖνις γίνεται, οἱονεὶ ὁ ἡσυχάζων ὡς ἐν εὐνῇ καὶ ἀπρακτῶν ὡς εὐναζόμενος, ἀφ’ οὗ ὁ ἠρημωμένος καὶ ἐστερημένος. δῆλον δὲ ὡς ἐκ τοῦ τοιούτου εὔνιδος καὶ εὐνοῦχος ὁ εὖνις τοῦ ὀχεύειν); Eustathius, Comm. Od., vol. 1, p. 361 (λέγει δὲ εὖνιν ὡς ἀπὸ τοῦ εἷς ἑνὸς τὸν μεμονωμένον ἤτοι ἐστερημένον. ὅθεν καὶ εὐνοῦχος ὁ ἐστερημένος ὀχείας. ψιλοῦται δὲ τὸ εὖ, ὡς ἔχον ἀναδραμεῖν εἰς ὁμοιότητα τοῦ ἕκηλος εὔκηλος καὶ τῶν ὁμοίων); Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 393 (Εὖνις: Σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα· ὁ εὖνις, καὶ ἡ εὖνις. Σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὸν μεμονωμένον καὶ ἐστερημένον, ὡς τὸ, ‘Ὅς μ’ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκε’. Παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς γίνεται ἕνις καὶ εὖνις. Ὅτε δὲ σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, γίνεται παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴ, εὖνις); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 947 (Εὖνις· σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα· ὁ εὖνις γὰρ καὶ ἡ εὖνις. Σημαίνει καὶ τὸν μεμονωμένον· καὶ ὅτε μὲν σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴ γίνεται εὖνις. Ὅτε δὲ τὸν μεμονωμένον παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνός ἕνις καὶ εὖνις οἷον· ὅς μ’ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκεν); ibid., epsilon 950 (Εὐνοῦχος· … Ἀπὸ τοῦ εἵς ἑνός ἕνις καὶ εὖνις)

Modern etymology

Unclear. Maybe cognate with Ved. ūná-, Av. ūna- "deficient, lacking", Arm. unayn "empty" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

View PDF

εὐνή

LeFeuvre — Fri, 27 Dec 2024 17:04:57 +0000

εὐνή LeFeuvre Fri, 12/27/2024 - 18:04

Word

εὖνις

Last modification

Fri, 12/27/2024 - 18:05

Entry By

Le Feuvre

Validation

Word-lemma

LSJ

Word-form

εὖνις

Transliteration (Word)

eunis

English translation (word)

bereaved of

Etymon-lemma

LSJ

Transliteration (Etymon)

eunē

English translation (etymon)

bed

Author

D Scholia in Iliadem

Source

idem

Ref.

D Schol. Il. 22,44

Ed.

H. van Thiel, Scholia D in Iliadem, online edition 2014

Quotation

εὖνιν ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἡσυχάζοντα, ἐξ οὗ ἠρημωμένον, ἐξ οὗ ἐστερημένον. ἢ παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς ἕνις καὶ εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος

Translation (En)

Eunis "bereaved of" is the one who is lying, hence who is resting, hence the one left alone, hence the one deprived of. Or from heis, henos "one", *henis and eunis, the one left alone

Comment

This etymology tries to unify two different etymologies for two homonymous words, by assuming that εὖνις "bereaved of" and εὖνις2 "wife" are one and the same word, with a proper meaning and a derived meaning (unifying approach). The proper meaning, according to those, is "in bed" (which is the correct etymology of εὖνις2 "wife"), and from this proper meaning was derived an extended meaning "deprived of", however difficult the semantic evolution may be

Parallels

bT Schol. Il. 22.44b (εὖνιν: ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἡσυχάζοντα, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἠρημωμένον, ἐξ οὗ ἐστερημένον. ἢ παρὰ τὴν ἑνὸς γενικὴν ἕνις εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος); ?Etym. Gudianum Additamenta, epsilon, p. 560 (Εὖνις· ὁ χῆρος καὶ ἔρημος, ὅ ἐστιν εὐναζόμενος ... ἢ παρὰ τὸ ἑνός γίνεται εὖνις, ὁ μεμονωμένος); Eustathius, Comm. Il., vol. 4, p. 569 (Εὖνιν δὲ τὸν ἐστερημένον λέγει καὶ μεμονωμένον, παρὰ τὴν ἑνὸς γενικήν, πλεονασμῷ τοῦ υ. τινὲς δέ φασιν ὅτι παρὰ τὴν εὐνὴν ὁ εὖνις γίνεται, οἱονεὶ ὁ ἡσυχάζων ὡς ἐν εὐνῇ καὶ ἀπρακτῶν ὡς εὐναζόμενος, ἀφ’ οὗ ὁ ἠρημωμένος καὶ ἐστερημένος. δῆλον δὲ ὡς ἐκ τοῦ τοιούτου εὔνιδος καὶ εὐνοῦχος ὁ εὖνις τοῦ ὀχεύειν)

Correct distinction between two words in Etym. Magnum, Kallierges, p. 393 (Εὖνις: Σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα· ὁ εὖνις, καὶ ἡ εὖνις. Σημαίνει δὲ καὶ τὸν μεμονωμένον καὶ ἐστερημένον, ὡς τὸ, ‘Ὅς μ’ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκε’. Παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνὸς γίνεται ἕνις καὶ εὖνις. Ὅτε δὲ σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα, γίνεται παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴ, εὖνις); Etym. Symeonis, epsilon 947 (Εὖνις· σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα· ὁ εὖνις γὰρ καὶ ἡ εὖνις. Σημαίνει καὶ τὸν μεμονωμένον· καὶ ὅτε μὲν σημαίνει τὸν ἄνδρα παρὰ τὸ εὐνὴ γίνεται εὖνις. Ὅτε δὲ τὸν μεμονωμένον παρὰ τὸ εἷς ἑνός ἕνις καὶ εὖνις οἷον· ὅς μ’ υἱῶν πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐσθλῶν εὖνιν ἔθηκεν)

Modern etymology

Unclear. Maybe cognate with Ved. ūná-, Av. ūna- "deficient, lacking", Arm. unayn "empty" (Beekes, EDG)

Persistence in Modern Greek

View PDF